Drug And Alcohol Impact On Child Development

Drug And Alcohol Impact On Child Development The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse seriously effects child development. The negative effects of substance abuse begin during the pregnancy and continue through childhood. Groundbreaking research on this subject was published in the Hidden Harm Report. Estimates show that in the United Kingdom today there are almost 1.3 million children living with an alcoholic parent. That is one is every eleven children. Furthermore up to 350,000 children in the United Kingdom have at least one parent who suffers from a serious drug addiction. Many of these children are hiding their problems, living in fear and without support. The dangers of prenatal alcohol and drug exposure are widely publicised due to the particularly damaging effects that heavy drinking and substance abuse can cause to a childs cognitive development. When a woman becomes pregnant, it is very important for her to lead a healthy life. It is essential for her own health and the health of her unborn baby that she eats plenty of nourishing food, gets plenty of rest, and exercises regularly. It is vitally important that she avoids anything that might harm her or her baby. Therefore, it is especially important to give up alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. For a pregnant woman, drug abuse is dangerous in two ways. Firstly, drugs may harm her own health and interfere with her ability to support the pregnancy. Secondly, some drugs can directly impair prenatal development. Drugs can cause an increased chance of early delivery or miscarriage, sudden bleeding and the inability to recognise or cope with normal changes throughout the pregnancy. When the baby is born withdrawal symptoms may result in a longer hospital stay and the involvement of social services. Drugs can affect babies in many ways. The most common are; low birth weight and slower growth and development. However, the affects of drugs on the baby during the pregnancy can also cause heart problems and defects of the face and body. Another fact to consider is that; when a pregnant woman drinks, so does her baby. Alcohol can cause serious problems for an unborn baby that can affect their entire life. The baby can be born with foetal alcohol syndrome which can cause it to be underweight, grow slower and have birth defects. The baby may have a smaller brain and suffer with a lower I.Q. Alcohol can also be passed along to a baby through breast milk. A study published in the March 2004 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical Experimental Research explained how light to moderate drinking during pregnancy may interfere with learning and memory during adolescence. Assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburghs School of Medicine, Jennifer Willford explains that; We have known for a long time that drinking heavily during pregnancy could lead to major impairments in growth, behaviour, and cognitive function in children. This paper clearly shows that even small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can have a significant impact on child development. The damaging effects of tobacco on an unborn child cannot be underestimated. Smoking during pregnancy causes the risk of miscarriage or premature labour to dramatically increase. The primary danger is delayed foetal growth. Nicotine depresses the appetite at a time when a woman should be gaining weight. Smoking reduces the ability of the lungs to absorb oxygen. Therefore the foetus is deprived of sufficient nourishment and oxygen. As a result the baby may not grow as fast or as much as it should. The NHS acknowledges the risks of smoking to the unborn baby and has recently set up the NHS Pregnancy and Smoking Helpline. It offers advice on how to quit and a free DVD to highlight the damaging effects. On average, babies born to women who smoked during pregnancy are significantly smaller than those born to women who did not smoke. Low birth weight is one of the main effects of smoking when pregnant. This can cause increased chance of infant illness, disability and stillbirth. Smoking in pregnancy also greatly increases the risk of cot death in babies. Statistics from the award winning Baby Centre Newsletter suggested that; This risk is four times higher if you smoke between 1 and 9 cigarettes a day during pregnancy, rising to eight times higher if you smoke 20 cigarettes or more daily. Therefore it is clear that it is especially important for a pregnant woman to give up alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Using alcohol and other drugs carry major risks. Alcohol and drugs impair your judgement, making you more likely to hurt yourself or others. Familial alcoholism can affect all areas of a childs life, from school life through to behavioural problems and compulsive disorders. Some children go through life without support because they may not experience obvious forms of abuse. However, they do suffer from neglect or a chronic lack of the little things, which are so crucial to the wellbeing of us all. This is a result of their parents drinking and the effects it has on their state of mind and body. From moment you take your first sip, alcohol starts affecting your body and mind. After one or two drinks you may start feeling more sociable and outgoing. In contrast by drinking too much basic human functions, such as walking and talking become much harder. Effects can also include behaving out of character and saying things you do not mean. This uncertainty will frighten and unsettle the ch ildren of parents who suffer from alcohol misuse. Children will fear the way their parents speak and act when they have been drinking or using drugs. With little control over what they say parents may verbalize things which they normally would not. This can be hurtful and cruel to children or even embarrassing when outside of the home environment. The uncertainty can cause upset in the young persons life, which can affect their schooling. Children can be distracted from their lessons as they think of what might be happening or waiting for them at home. At home many of these children are left to care for themselves while others are forced to look after their parents and siblings. Consequently, it may become the childs role and responsibility to look after the family, cook dinner and get their younger brothers or sisters ready for school. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs conducted a survey which discovered that many of these children out of shame or fear, or simply because they are too young, rarely speak out about their experiences and can become isolated and excluded. Dr Laurence Gruer, chairman of the ACMD Prevention Working Group, said: From birth onwards their parents drug problems can endanger their health in many ways and cause a great deal of emotional and psychological damage that often goes unnoticed. Today in Scotland there is a range of government drug strategies and initiatives for helping these vulnerable children. Parents with serious drug and alcohol problems should not be frightened away by these services. They should feel that they can come forward and get help without encountering more trouble. The aim of many services is to keep children with their parents wherever it is safe to do so by combining treatment for the parents and support for the child. The risk of harm to children can be reduced by effective treatment and support for the addicted parents. Home Office Minister Bob Ainsworth said the Government had already invested  £1.2 billion to tackle the drug culture and would be spending  £1.5 billion by 2006. Ainsworth said; We agree it is essential for adult drug services, childrens services, indeed all local providers to approach the problem holistically. Only by reducing their numbers can we reduce the amount of children that have to suffer the consequences of growing up in an environment wrecked by drugs. Parental drug and alcohol misuse has been identified as a serious problem in the United Kingdom. The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse on a childs life in immeasurable. Therefore, it is the governments responsibility to reduce the negative impact on the childs life and offer as much support as possible. In addition users often experience trouble with the law, poor performance at work or school and relationship troubles. As a result, many children are exposed to rage, violence and abuse on a daily basis. This becomes part of the unpredictable and inconsistent environment in which they live. Police statists show that between 60% and 80% of all violent crime is alcohol related. Interestingly, a recent survey conducted by Alcohol Concern and Police Review showed that 70% of police officers viewed alcohol as causing them greater problems than drug misuse. Research which supports this view reveals that, domestic violence is six times more common when parents suffer from alcoholism. As a result, children of drug and alcohol users often express feelings of hurt, rejection, shame and anger. More worryingly they are forced to live with the anxiety that these feelings create, often without any support. Lord Victor Adebowale, chief executive of social care charity Turning Point, said: Its time that we started listening to the silent survivors of drug misuse. We cannot afford to continue to ignore the 350,000 children in the UK who are harmed by their parents drug problems. In violent situations such as these the child often feels a sense of guilt. They may see themselves as the main cause of their parents drink or drug abuse. The child may feel constantly anxious about the situation at home. They often fear the parent will become sick or injured or that the substance abuse will cause an increased level of fights and violence between the parents. Embarrassment is often another common feeling of children living with parents who suffer from alcohol or drug misuse. Parents may give the message that there is a terrible secret at home. The child may feel ashamed by their parents and the lifestyle they live. If the parents experience trouble with the law for the ways in which they fund their habit the child may feel lonely. This is due to the childs inability to have close relationships. As a result of the child being disappointed by the parent they are often unable to trust others. The ashamed child does not invite friends home and is afraid to ask anyone fo r help. The alcoholic parent will change suddenly from being affectionate to angry, regardless of the childs behaviour. A daily routine, which is very important for a child, does not exist because bedtimes and mealtimes are constantly changing. This creates uncertainty in the childs life and can be the cause of misbehaviour as the child acts out for attention. Alcohol and drugs also have specific health risks: they can damage major organs, increase your risk of cancers, and even cause death. This is a constant worry for children as they fear for the welfare of their parents. This can cause children to suffer from Psychologist John Bowlby Theory of Attachment. Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their parents have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. One of the characteristics of The Theory of Attachment is Separation Distress. This is when a child is separated from the caregiver and becomes upset and distressed. They fear for the security and safety of their parents when they are not around to provide care. In addition children can suffer from Avoidant Attachment. This is when children will avoid going home or seeing their parents. These children will show no preference between a caregiver and a complete stranger. Research shows that this attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful parents. The effects of parental drug and alcohol misuse can seriously affect a childs life. The impact of living in such an environment lasts right through childhood and affects all areas of their life. Whilst harm from parental substance use is not inevitable, the number of children living with substance misusing parents has increased in recent years. The only way to decrease the figure is to lower the number of people abusing drugs and alcohol in society. The widespread pattern of binge drinking and recreational drug use exposes children to sub-optimal care and substance-using role models. Children of alcoholics are four times more likely than other children to become alcoholics in later life. Therefore, the effects of parental drug and alcohol misuse last throughout the childs life and into adulthood. Preventative efforts have been introduced to discourage children from following in the same footsteps as their parents. Education is provided at school, for all children and adolescents, on the damaging effects of drugs and alcohol. Children should be given direct access to support services so that they are not facing the problems of a chaotic and unstable home alone. The education of those who work with children is also vital. Teachers and other service providers should be trained to spot signs of children living with alcohol or drug addicted parents. This would allow extra support to be provided in the education of the child and their emotional wellbeing. Due to impairment caused by being intoxicated, alcohol and drug abuse frequently lead to child neglect and an increase in Domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence in the home, as well as living in the chaos and instability caused by intoxication, is emotional abuse to a child. Frequently domestic violence will make the child fear that the situation could escalate into physical violence against them. Many physically abusive parents insist that their actions are simply forms of discipline or ways to make childr en learn to behave. However, there is a big difference between giving an unruly child a tap on the wrist and twisting the childs arm until it breaks. Physical abuse can include striking, burning, shaking or pushing a child. Another form of child abuse which involves babies is known as shaken baby syndrome. This is when a parent shakes a baby roughly to make the baby stop crying, causing brain damage or in extreme cases even death. Warning signs for teacher can be unexplained bruises or cuts. Other signs can be more subtle such as fearful and shy child who does not want to go home. If people outside of the home environment fail to spot and report these signs, many children go through life dealing with these problems alone. However, it is important for people from outside agencies to realise that not every child who lives with a drug or alcohol dependent parent will suffer physical or emotional abuse. In many cases the impact will be constant lack of the little things, which are so cr ucial to the wellbeing of us all. The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse seriously effects child development. The negative effects of substance abuse begin during the pregnancy and continue through childhood. The impact of living in an environment with drug or alcohol dependant parents can impact a childs life from birth straight through to adulthood. Groundbreaking research on this subject has been published in many reports. The most recent has been the Hidden Harm Report. Estimates show that in the United Kingdom today there are almost 1.3 million children living with an alcoholic parent. That is one is every eleven children. Furthermore the report shows that up to 350,000 children in the United Kingdom have at least one parent who suffers from a serious drug addiction. Many of these children are hiding their problems, living in fear and without support. This shows that parental drugs and alcohol misuse is a serious problem in the United Kingdom. Parental drug and alcohol misuse impacts on a childs growth, education, health and development.

Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Essay

Introduction: Terms of Reference:This Report is designed to demonstrate the students understanding of IMC. The report was prepared for Mr. Paul Morrissey, Lecturer of Integrated Marketing Communications. Background:The purpose of this report is to help the student get a understanding of hold different marketing techniques are used in everyday situations through different forms of advertising campaigns. The purpose of this is to reinforce the knowledge the student has acquired in class. The company that will be subject of this report is Harvey Norman Holdings Limited. Objectives:To provide and overall situation analysis of the company. To research the company’s advertising campaign and determine who the target  market are. Analyse the key form of marketing communication used and the company’s Unique Selling Point (USP). To analyse the media planning used for the campaign.To provide a detailed overall evaluation of the marketing campaign.Methodology:The information used in this report was found through the use of secondary research in the form of internet based searching. Findings:Overview of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited:Harvey Norman is an Australian company and is a worldwide retailer of furniture, bedding, electrical, and computer. It has been in operation since 1961 when founders Gerry Harvey and Ian Norman set up the business. Harvey Norman has almost 300 stores worldwide. CITATION Har12 l 6153 (harveynorman.ie, 2012)Situational Analysis:Porter’s Five Forces:This model helps illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of an industry through five factors that are as follows: Competition in the market Potential new Entrants Power of suppliers Power of customers Threat of substitute products CITATION Inv12 l 6153 (Investopedia.com, 2012)Competition in the Market: There is large competition in this industry as it is an industry that has been around for a relatively long time. Therefore more companys such as Currys, Ikea, and D.I.D electrical, also compete in this market. Potential New Entrants There is a low threat from potential new competition as there are substantial barriers to entry in this industry. These barriers include: 1. High Capital Requirements: for this industry a new company would be required to stock a large volume of a large range of relatively expensive products as well as a large store to hold it all and large amount of staff and distribution costs. 2. Brand Loyalty because Harvey Norman has worldwide recognition and a strong brand awareness customers would be more inclined to stick with what they know already ie Harvey Norman products. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: For Harvey Norman there is a large range of suppliers for all the types of  products the company sells. Because there is such a large volume of suppliers in this industry ,the suppliers Harvey Norman uses have little to no bargaining power against Harvey Norman as they could just switch to another supplier and so the supplier would lose out on the high volume bulk buying that Harvey Norman would be using. Bargaining Power of Customers: Because Harvey Norman deals in such a large variety of products, from Furniture to computers, it attracts a large volume of customers for each of these product categories. This gives them a large base of customers to start with. Also the fact that Harvey Norman sells alot of recognised brands customers are inclined to purchase what they know. But due to the high competition from other similar businesses, such as Ikea, the customers have a decent amount of bargaining power as they may chose to take their business elsewhere. Threat of Substitute Products: There is very little threat from substitute products to Harvey Norman as a whole due to the large variety of products stocked and the types of products stocked. CITATION wik12 l 6153 (wikiwealth.com, 2012)

Introduction. Heros. What Are Heros Maybe… Superman Or

Introduction: Heros. What are heros? Maybe†¦ Superman or Batman. However, in real life, our heroes might be Mother Teresa, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, or Nelson Mandela. All of them helped us through the good and bad, but today we’ll be talking about a hero who helped the Indians. He might not be worldwide, but his name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi known as Mahatma Gandhi. Background: Interested in what was Mahatma Gandhi s background? I’m glad to tell you your answer. Mahatma was born on October 2, 1869. What city and state? It was Porbandar, Kathiawar, a city in India. A woman named Putlibai which was his mother and his father was named Karamchand Gandhi. Let me tell you what their occupations were. Putlibai was very religious,†¦show more content†¦Since he left, he had been struggling to find another job, but at April 1893, he sailed to Durban after another son had been born. South America. That’s where he went, once he got there, he didn’t like the discrimination, the law and the segregation that had been happening since a long time ago. Somehow, what he wore was unacceptable, so he had to go to the courtroom. They asked him if he could take of his turban, but he refused and left the court. So, the Advertiser mocked him and called him â€Å" the unwelcome visitor â€Å". June 7, 1893, at a train trip, it was a origin al moment for him. He had a ticket for first-class but they refused and forced him to go to the back of the train. It was because a white man was objecting to let him sit next to him. Determination hit him and he fought back with a vow. â€Å" Deep disease of color prejudice. Try if possible, to root out the disease and suffer hardships in the process â€Å" Gandhi vowed. After that, he formed the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 to fight against discrimination. He returned to India, his wife would give birth to two more children! However, he continued to study religious during all his years in South Africa, â€Å" The religious spirit within me became a living force, â€Å" was what he wrote. 1901, he made a capain called â€Å" Satyagraha â€Å" meaning truth and firmness. Whoever joined kept on protesting, but led to jail. All of the hundereds of Indians were arrested for their protesting.Show MoreRelatedHow Batman Has Changed over the Past 70 Years3037 Words   |  12 Pages the Dc Comics superhero Batman changed over the past 70 years? How has design influenced the development of the various costumes for the character and how are Batman films reflecting darker forces within US Society? From Comic book Hero to national icon. Introduction In this dissertation I will discuss how DC Comics have developed and improved the design of their comic books since their establishment in 1937. 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Defining Moment Stacie Hogya Anonymous Anonymous David La Fiura Anonymous Avin Bansal Anonymous Brad Finkbeiner Anonymous 4 7 10 13 17 20 23 26 29 ii. UndergradUate experience John Coleman Maxwell Anderson Lavanya AnantharmanRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesMerck, Firestone/Ford, United Way, MetLife Outsourcing Boeing/Airbus, Maytag, Nike, Dell Preface †¢ v TARGETED COURSES As a supplemental text, this book can be used in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases

Genesis Wilcox The Creation Of The Earth, Humanity, And...

Tiffanee Wilcox Since certain details are different in each of the creation stories, it is concluded that they must be products of two different times. Genesis 1:1-2:4a proposes a cosmocentric account while Genesis 2:4b-3 revolves around an anthropocentric account of creation. Although both accounts foretell the creation of the heavens, the earth, humanity, and all accounts of life, the stories differ by the names for God, methodology, and order. The cosmocentric account of Genesis 1:1-2:4a is the story of how God created the heavens and the earth out of a void. He created the world by bringing order to the existing chaos. It was not simply creating the world out of nothing, ex nihilo, but instead was using preexistent matter. God’s role in creation was bringing order to the previous existence of chaos and goodness to the symbolically evil, â€Å"formless and void†, earth (1:2). The anthropocentric account of Genesis 2:4b-3 describes the creation of the earth and how humanity came to populate it; God created man, the Garden of Eden, and then the creation of a female companion for Adam. The development of the first creation story is a parallel structure of order; the second creation story portrays a different order. There was a strict pattern to the six days of creation in the first Genesis that the second story did not follow; the first three days are directly parallel to the last days. On day one he created light in order to create the opposition of day and night. Day four

Network Security System Security - 1899 Words

Network security : System security comprises of the procurements and approaches received by a system executive to avoid and screen unapproved access, abuse, change, or dissent of a workstation system and system available assets. System security includes the approval of access to information in a system, which is controlled by the system head. Clients pick or are appointed an ID and secret word or other verifying data that permits them get to data and projects inside their power. System security blankets a mixture of machine systems, both open and private, that are utilized as a part of ordinary employments directing transactions and interchanges among organizations, government orgs and people. Systems could be private, for example, inside an organization, and others which may be interested in community. System security is included in associations, endeavors, and different sorts of organizations. It does as its title clarifies: It secures the system, and additionally ensuring and managing operations bei ng carried out. The most well-known and straightforward method for securing a system asset is by relegating it a special name and a comparing watchword. The reason for system security, essentially, is to ensure the system and its part parts from unapproved get to and abuse. Systems are powerless as a result of their inborn normal for encouraging remote access. Case in point, if a programmer needed to get to a machine not on a system, physical access would be crucial.Show MoreRelatedNetwork Security: Unauthorized Network and System Access564 Words   |  2 PagesUnauthorized Network and system access – An attacker needs access before being able to perform any attacks. An attacker can be a disgruntled employee, an employee that has become a victim if social engineering or a competitor. Access can be achieved by gaining control of resources or by connecting equipment to the network. 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Media hint Free Essays

Introduction Media has always been in the forefront as a radical voice all over the world, and naturally, it has invited the wrath of all the regimes autocratic and democratic alike. Among the media types, the broadcast media, particularly television has suffered the greatest suppression, whether it is in the Europe, the Americas, Africa or in the East. The most recent example comes from Pakistan, a Muslim nation in South Asia, where the military ruler Parvez Mushrraf had shut down the television stations soon after he suspended the constitution and imposed emergency. We will write a custom essay sample on Media hint or any similar topic only for you Order Now Broadcasting – the transmitting of programmes to be heard simultaneously by an indefinitely large number of people – is a social invention, not a technical one. (Curran J. Seaton J., 2003). Television is perhaps the only modern media that had played a dual role, as a voice of the radical opinion and as a media of propaganda. The emergence of the global television has made revolts of the people and radical opinion in any part of the world irrepressible. This has always made headaches for the ruling elites to respond in the same manner, to use television itself in order to suppress the opinion. Revolt against television Incidents of revolt against television as a mirror of the truth have occurred before the advent of the satellite television, where the regimes controlled the broadcasting system. The history can be traced from the wide spread information suppression and the iron curtain that characterised the erstwhile Soviet regime. Later we numerous incidents around the world, mostly in autocracies where the official television run by the regime, disseminated the news suppressing any other viewpoint. This has occurred in Iraq, in other states of the Middle East like Saudi Arabia, Iran and mostly many of the Muslim Sheikdoms. Suppression, ideology and television Communication has the power to define, persuade, inform and to disinform. An analysis of communication at the level of community and nation is obliged to recognise that truth is not necessarily separated from falsehood; rather, the process of propaganda blurs the elements in order to be persuasive. Taylor (1986) puts the matter succinctly: ‘Communication with a view to persuasion is an inherent human quality. I can take place in a private conversation or a mass rally, in a church or cinema, as well as on a battlefield. It can manifest itself in the form of a statue or building, a coin or painting, a flag or a postage stamp.’ To the above list Taylor adds ‘speech sermons,songs, art, radio waves, television pictures.’ Whether they operate between individuals or people in millions, the task of the analyst remains the same – to investigate the intent of the act of communication and the ways in which members of the intended audience respond to that communication. It is arguable that most mass communication, whether it is a party political broadcast, the TV news, a pop song, a soap opera or sitcom is in some way or another, to a greater or a lesser extent is an exercise in propaganda. (Bagdikian A.,1987) Thompson identifies four forms of power exercised in society- economic, political, coercive and symbolic. Economic power emanates from the possession of wealth or the means by which wealth is generated; political power rests in decision making arising from being in a position of elected, appointed or inherited authority; coercive power springs from the use of, or potential use of, superior strength. Other classifications include position, resource, and charismatic power each overlapping with Thompson’s categories and each one somehow connected with communication processes. Yet the media have never been either separate from or independent of the forces which create them and which in turn they shape and influence. They work as Thompson points out, within institutional frame works. As such, they operate as cultural apparatus, part of the machinery of state or of most powerful interest groups within the state. Historically media have more often served as the voice of the powerful than of the people. They have been classified by Althusser as one of the prime Ideological State Apparatuses, along with religion, family structures ad education: that is, they are crucially important channels for the transmission of ‘rules of conduct’ in society; the guardians of a culture’s dominant norms and values. They play a part in all power forms, including – in a contributory sense – coercive power. The Chinese revolt The memorable television images that emanated from Beijing on June 4, 1989 indicated to viewers that the China’s revolutionary activity had been effectively extinguished. The military show of force at Tiananmen Square preserved the political authority of Deng Ziaoping and the Chinese Communist Party for the short term. Following the historic Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee meeting of the CCP in December 1978- a satellite based national television system was made a top priority for achieving a wide range of   propagandist objectives. Television was peaking as a communications medium in China during the troubled 1980s and had itself become a significant symbol of the national modernization. By the middle of the decade nearly every urban household had bought a television receiver. But when push came to shove, televised reports of the military invasion of the student-worker encampment at Tiananmen Square were not transmitted in China. While the rest of the world tuned in to pictures of courageous students, intellectuals, and workers standing up to brute force of tanks and the political power of ageing bureaucrats, Chinese television viewers saw very different visuals and accounts of the tragic events in the capital city, and even those images came very late. Television had been forcibly restored to its original place as a blatant propaganda device. By managing television coverage of the brutal crackdown and subsequently constructing a massive propaganda onslaught, Chinese government officials hoped to re-establish social stability, reassert the place of the CCP as the nation’s legitimate political authority, and minimize ideological damage brought by the economic, political, cultural and social stresses that China experienced in the late 1980s. Why television news is so fearful? – the other side of television news The research of the Glasgow University Media Group has been very controversial since the publication of Bad News in 1976, as well as the subject of a great deal of criticism, not least from the journalists and broadcasters. Bad News was concerned with the television coverage of industrial relations in 1975. the GUMG’s analysis of the television news led it to conclude that viewers had been given misleading portrayal of   industrial disputes, a portrayal that distorted the real situation. The group’s work continued with More Bad News in   1980, which examined the language used to describe the two sides in industrial disputes. The descriptions attached to management were such that they persuaded the audience of the rightness of the management position against demands made by the unions. Trowler (1996) has produced an excellent summary of the major findings of their studies. The vocabulary of broadcast news is biased against specific groups and this bias structures the listener’s perspective. Stories are selectively reported. The effects of strikes are reported more often than the causes of strikes. The ‘visuals’ used are again selective and help to structure the message being put across. The tactics of the protestors are reported more often than their viewpoints, especially when the tactics are deemed ‘antisocial’. There is a hierarchy of access to the media, so the voices we mainly get to hear are those of ‘experts’, specialist and the establishment. News is reported from a particular ideological position. The media set the agenda for debate – they tell us what to think about. They also act as gatekeepers, thus excluding some stories and including others. This rationale of these findings can be applied not only in fighting the ‘bad news’ by television but also in fighting an anti-people regime and sometimes in propaganda. This has been the mainstay in most of the democratic nations around the world. Even the Gulf War telecast by the CNN fits to this agenda. (Jones M. and Jones E. 1997) Conclusion Television of course is itself an authoritarian institution of sorts, one that articulates confidently and widely. Critics in all societies around the world, complain that the medium has the power to serve the interest of its owners by creating a narrow agenda and monopolizing public opinion, that it debases culture, and that it nearly mesmerizes viewers psychologically. Thus it has invited suppression around the nations. Reference: Curran J. and Seaton J. (2003) Power without responsibility: The press, broadcasting and new media in Britain, London: Routledge. Boyd-Baret et.al. (ed). (1997) Media in global context: A reader, New York: Arnold. Philip.M.Taylor M.P. (1986) Munitions of the mind: A history of propaganda from the ancient world to the present day, New York : Arnold Thompson J.B. (2002) The media and modernity: A social theory of media, London : Sage Jones M. and Jones E. (1997) Mass Media, London : Macmillan. Bagdikian A. (1987). The Media Monopoly, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. How to cite Media hint, Essay examples

Practicing Critical Social Work-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.An Identification of key issues, for example discussions of the impact of political, economic, and social issues on current social work practice in this role or practical area. 2.An analysis based on critical theory drawing on radical, structural and post modern practice theories, as well as current policy and Practices. 3.An Evaluation of critical theory social work approaches in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. 4.Critical theory and Practice recommendations for you as a developing social work practitioner. Answers: Introduction Social work refers to a profession that profession facilitates social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people (Australian Association of Social Workers, 2017). Social work also helps in developing, utilizing skills and understands social structures. Social workers have several areas of practice that may require individual social worker commitment or community participation. As a social worker, my area of practice is helping community deal with social problems. Critical social work is social work practice with main focus on the root cause of social problems such as social injustice and oppression without individuals interest but rather community. Radical as a professional aspect of social work or seek to solve socialproblems (Mullaly, 2007). As social worker providing counseling to the community is a noble practice that requires much dedications and service to the community. Another aspect of critical approach involves the provision of edu cation on a certain topic usually on social problems hence finding the solution to social problems. One critical approach is community center approach-beliefs, needs and strength, result based approach and solution based approach (Cooper, 2013). 1.Social, political and economic issues affecting critical social work practice There are many issues that currently affect critical social work practice. Some of these issues include political, economic and social issues and have a significant impact on the society or community that the social work practices. These issues are comprehensively discussed below. Social issues affecting critical social work Social issues are part of social work and have vivid influence on critical social work. Social issues that play key role in helping community understands social problems are personal beliefs personal strength, and weakness, psychological relationship, addiction, domestic conflict, and environment. Firstly, personal beliefs, strength, and weakness as an economic issue have an impact on counseling especially in Australia where counselor and client may have different beliefs and personal strength or weakness towards social problem (Fook, 2002). Secondly, the ability of a social worker to develop a good relationship with community assists the people to be open and express their problems to the social worker (Greene, 2008). Thirdly, other social issues such as social injustice also play a significant role in understanding social problems as many people do not easily know the causes. Political opinions or conflict is another social issue that currently has an impact on social work especial ly understanding social problems. Finally, the community relationship that can be found between social worker and the community also play a vital role in practice (Delshad, 2010). Economic issues affecting critical social work Economic factors are unemployment, discriminatory resource allocation and economic abuse. Firstly, unemployment is a major economic issue that affects social work in Australia. Though the government is currently working on ways to solve unemployment issues, unemployment remains serious challenge in many communities (Lundy, 2004). Secondly, poor resource allocation is another factor that has a direct impact on social work as most social workers has reveal the inappropriate resource allocation leading to financial challenges affecting social work. Moreover, some organizations that also works in hand with social workers in their bit to educate or counsel the community also political role in resource allocation to regions (Allan, 2003). Thirdly, the government of Australia identified economic domestic abuse as one of the financial issues that have impact on counseling. Resource distribution especially on economic, require educating the community on the on their rights that can help them get resource from the government. This has made the government through Commonwealth Bank of Australia offer financial support to finance social workers (Agnew, 2004). Political issues affecting critical social work Political issues government policy, political diversity, firstly, the government policy that guide education or counseling to a substance abuse or domestic violence victims through financing counseling activities. Secondly, political diversity has an indirect impact on social work and to the understanding of social problems. Political diversity brings great differences between communities and social worker as various parties have different beliefs and weakness. This makes the social work practice get hindrance in some parts of the country especially in areas with social injustices (Delshad, 2010). 2.Theories, policies, and practices Theories and approaches to social work Critical social work basically works to examine social problems and issues that include social injustice or oppression. An aspect of critical social work that also forms the theoretical framework of critical social work is radical social work theory and tends to bring understanding of contribution of social work to structural development that leads to understanding and solving social problems. Social work as a field of study has attracted much attention owing to the central role played in the society. Radical social work theory views social problems as the solemnly responsibility of political players. There are many approach and theories that have been advanced to explain social work practices. Collective working with the community is another aspect of critical social work that attempt to include all members of community to achieve common good. Collective social work is model that focuses on the aspect of critical social work such as making alliances (Zastrow, 2014; Ungar, 2011). Radical social work is a theory that is based on the development of structural aspects of the community as oppose to individualism. This implies that structures of institutions need to form in manner that does not promote social problems. In contrast to structural theory that aim at exploring causes of social problems, radical theory tries to push for structural change. In addition, radical with the aim of structural change identify managerial radical perspective for change in community. Managerial radical perspective assures social workers on assisting community understand the relationship between social problems and institution managerial structure (Zastrow, 2014). Structural social work theory gives a better understanding of social problems as it seeks to understand differential resources as the cause of social problems (Mullaly, 2007). Moreover, the theory explains the type of morally society free of social problems that can be created and the way to create such societies. Structural theory is basically founded on the societal structure with respect to social problems such as disparities in resource distribution and unemployment. It is good to note that structural theory shows the structure of institutions as the basis of discrimination which is the recipe for social problems such as racism (Lundy, 2004). Post-modern perspective of social work is highly influences every aspect of social work. Post-modernism influences our understanding of social problems since it has broader perspective that influences technological application in analyzing various issues in the society. As a practice post-modern indicates that the worldview on social problem currently focus on post-modern culture and other social structure. This gives social workers new interpretation on culture and languages which are two main social structures (Healy, 2000). Social work in Australia is under influence of policies and regulations that affect practices. Australian department of social services has policies and regulation that provide a framework for social work practice. The department also provides legislations that indicate the ethical framework that a social worker needs to operate. The government also has funding sources that are used to finance the institutions that conduct social work (Allan,2003). Moreover, currently, social work services faced with financial challenges threatening social work services in most places. Dealing with social problems on the other hand, as social work practice is guided by a much ethical code of standards. Practice also forms part of community health service and therefore is a critical part of community social work (Reamer,2006). Post-modern theories are based on a different view on the way we see and think about our society or social work. Moreover, post-modern mindset allows research on social work esp ecially on human behaviour and their social environment. 3.Theories evaluation Main approaches to social works have both strength and weakness. Some of these approaches are systems theory, task centred approach, solution-focussed approach and person centred approach, and psychosocial model. Firstly, the critical approaches have strengths and weaknesses that can be discussed based on counselling as a way of practice. This approach can be used to assist people with recurring understanding social problems; it is a way of understanding the cause of the disturbing social problems and concentrate on radical theory, structural theory and post-modern understanding of social structures especially culture and language (Mullaly,2007). Weaknesses of critical approach to social with a focus on identification of social problems with minimal power to remove oppression, focus on causes and effects of the problem, is not culturally acceptable and easily manipulative (Sowers Catherine et al., 2008). Secondly, the community-centred approach also has both strength and weaknesses. Strengths include utilizes different experience on community, respect the dignity of humans, and can get a solution from all people. Weakness include does not consider time, not easy for those not motivated, conce ntrate on a single community and not society in general. Weaknesses include require high training, is based on problems that the community has, and consider limited socio-economic factors (Sherraden,Laux Kaufman,2007). Based on the theories of social work there are three theories that are best and can be used as a social worker. These theories can be joined to come up with an approach called integrative approach. Critical approaches require the use of many models that can be related as means to get the best result (Freya, 2015). Firstly, historical based approach as applied in community involves allowing understand their problem from history with the bid to get a solution to their problem. This also gives the expert time to understand the problem better hence find the solution. Secondly, the task-centered approach that is evidence based practice and uses the community to come up with the objective to be achieved at the end of practice (Davies, 2002). In addition, the approach assists the community to identify the problem and possible solution to those problems. The two approaches or theories of social work are all useful in critical approaches and can be integrated into another approach called inte grative or holistic approach (Butler Gwenda, 2004). 4.Critical theory and practice recommendations The best critical approach that can be used in the identification of the problem and guide the community into finding a solution is an approach that has most of the characteristic of most of the best approaches to social work (Allan, 2003). As social worker the best practice of assisting people deal with social problems has the characteristics that is evident based, allowing the people to understand their problem, and uses culture perspective to get a solution. In order to apply this theory or approach the expert need to engage the community where the community uses historical evidence and weaknesses to identify problem and solution to those problems. In the field of social problems, integrative has been used to obtain a good result as this approach also uses other approaches or theories to solve the problem. This means that where one theory cannot be used another theory can work best (Ungar, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, social work is a practice that helps assist individuals, families, and community, in general, to identify and use resources. There are many areas of practice within the social works and one of these areas is dealing with social injustices. Dealing with social injustices utilizes various social work approaches such as community-centered, solution-centered, task-based approach and psychological approach. Of these approaches, the best approach that is should be used in social work is an integrative approach that is based on a combination of approaches since it can be used to identify problem and solution using different kinds of perspective. References Allan, J. (2003), Practising critical social work. In J. Allan, B. Pease, L. Briskman (Eds.). Critical social work: An introduction to theories and practices (pp.52-71). Crows Nest, Australia: Allen Unwin. Australian Association of Social Workers, (2017), What is social work? Accessible at: https://www.aasw.asn.au/information-for-the-community/what-is-social-work Agnew, E.N. (2004), From Charity to Social Work: Mary E. Richmond and the Creation of an American Profession. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Butler, T., Gwenda R. (2004), Social Work with Children and Families: Getting into Practice (2nd ed.). London, England; New York, NY: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Cooper, P. (2013), Social work man. Leicester: Matador. Delshad, F. (2010), Interaction of Religion, Morality and Social Work. Munich: AVM (Adademischer Verlag Mnchen). Davies, M. (2002), The Blackwell Companion of Social Work (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Fook, J. (2002), Social work: Critical theory and practice. London: Sage. Freya, B. (2015), Known to Social Services (1st ed.). USA: FARAXA Publishing. Greene, R. R. (2008), Social Work with the Aged and Their Families (3rd ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers Healy, K. (2000), Social work practices: Contemporary perspectives on change. London: Sage. Lundy, C. (2004), Social work and social justice. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press. Mullaly, B. (2007), The new structural social work (3rd ed.). Toronto: Oxford University Press. Popple, P.R. Leslie L. (2008), The Policy-Based Profession: An Introduction to Social Welfare Policy Analysis for Social Workers (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Reamer, F.G. (2006), Ethical Standards in Social Work: A Review of the NASW Code of Ethics (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: NASW Press. Sherraden, M.; Laux, S. Kaufman, C. (2007), Financial education for social workers. Journal of Community Practice, 15 (3): 936. Sowers, K.M. Catherine N. Dulmus; et al. (2008), Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Ungar, M. (2011), The social worker: a novel. Lawrencetown, N.S: Pottersfield Press Webb, S. (2017), Professional Identity and Social Work. London, UK: Routledge. Zastrow, C. (2014), Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People. Belmount: Cengage Learning