Advertising and Pepsi Refresh

COMPANY Case Pepsi: Can a Soda Really Make the World a Better Place? This year, PepsiCo did something that shocked the advertising world. After 23 straight years of running ads for its flagship brand on the Super Bowl, it announced that the number-two soft drink maker would be absent from the Big Game. But in the weeks leading up to Super Bowl XLIV, Pepsi was still the second-most discussed advertiser associated with the event. It wasn’t so much what Pepsi wasn’t doing that created such a stir as much as what it was doing.Rather than continuing with the same old messages of the past, focusing on the youthful nature of the Pepsi Generation, and using the same old mass-media channels, Pepsi is taking a major gamble by breaking new ground with its advertising program. Its latest campaign, called Pepsi Refresh, represents a major departure from its old promotion efforts in two ways: (1) The message centers on a theme of social responsibility, and (2) the message is being de livered with a fat dose of social media. At the center of the campaign is the Pepsi Refresh Project.PepsiCo has committed to award $20 million in grants ranging from $5,000 to $250,000 to organizations and individuals with ideas that will make the world a better place. The refresheverything . com Web site greets visitors with the headline, â€Å"What do you care about? † PepsiCo accepts up to 1,000 proposals each month in each of six different areas: health, arts and culture, food and shelter, the planet, neighborhoods, and education. Then crowdsourcing takes over, as consumers vote for their favorites. Pepsi awards the grants each month.One-third of the way through its one-year run, the company had funded more than 100 projects, giving approximately $5 million back to local communities. The company stated that the project was right on target to award the full $20 million by the end of the yearlong effort. INTEGRATING DIGITAL THROUGHOUT THE PROMOTIONAL MIX The Pepsi Refresh c ampaign has been a groundbreaking effort, in part because of its heavy use of social media. PepsiCo is capitalizing on a growing trend in a way that no other major brand has done so far.The company is quick to point out that Pepsi Refresh is not a social media add-on like almost others, where an ad simply directs people to a Web site for reasons that may or may not be relevant to the message. Nor is it a social media campaign as such, where the entire campaign takes place through social media. Rather, social media are the glue that holds together a truly integrated marketing communications effort. â€Å"It’s not about digital as its own channel anymore,† says Bonin Bough, director of digital and social media for PepsiCo. â€Å"It’s how do we infuse digital across all of our marketing programs? For starters, although PepsiCo bypassed the Super Bowl, it is not ditching broadcast media. To the contrary, Pepsi is running spot ads on the main networks as well as 30 different cable channels. The ads initially informed people about the Pepsi Refresh campaign, directing them to the refresheverything. com site. But shortly after the first grants were awarded, ads began highlighting projects that had been funded. Traditional media efforts extend to 10 print publications as well. And PR plays a role through agreements such as the one with NBC Universal for paid pitches on the â€Å"Today† show.But this campaign underscores a shift in how PepsiCo is spending its advertising dollars. According to CEO Indra Nooyi, the world’s number two soft drink seller is shifting as much as one-third of its marketing budget to interactive and social media. This move involves not only the Pepsi brand but also Mountain Dew, Doritos, Sobe, and PepsiCo’s other brands. Certainly, PepsiCo is not alone in the trend toward digital and social media marketing. But analysts point out that its approach, moving away from high-profile spots in favor of heavy spending on a digitally focused social responsibility campaign, is both compelling and risky. I applaud Pepsi for embracing social media and technology,† said Marc Lucas, an advertising executive. â€Å"On the flip side, I think it’s very bold to not be in a place where you know you’re going to have an audience. † The refresheverything. com Web site is just one component of the brand’s online efforts. PepsiCo is spreading the message through the big networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, and even partnering with them for advertising opportunities. For example, Pepsi Refresh held the lead ad position on Facebook during the Super Bowl.Pepsi has also partnered with Hulu to sponsor its first original series, the reality show If I Can Dream. â€Å"It amplifies an advertising campaign by making it something people talk about, more of a social conversation,† said Jean-Paul Colaco, senior vice president for advertising at Hulu. PepsiCo even partnere d with Spin magazine, music festival South by Southwest, and two Indie bands in a Web-based contest where music lovers could vote for their favorite. Metric beat out Broken Social Scene for a $100,000 grant that it gave to the Women’s Funding Network.As another component of the integrated campaign, the company has not shied away from using celebrity endorsers. Through clever network spot ads that place celebrities inside a life-sized, threedimensional laptop made of tagboard, Kevin Bacon appeals to people to vote for his cause, SixDegrees. org. He is quick to point out that this has nothing to do with the cult trivia game, Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon. Rather, he proposes using a $250,000 grant to hand out â€Å"good cards† that people can use to donate to any of more than a million different charities.But Bacon goes on to explain that the power of SixDegrees comes from the social networks of good card recipients. They buy more good cards and pass them on to others, and as social networking works its magic, that $250,000 grows into millions. Among various other celebrities, Pepsi has also recruited Demi Moore; NFL players Mark Sanchez, DeMarcus Ware, and Drew Brees; and NASCAR veterans Jeff Gordon, Dale Earnhardt Jr. , and Jimmie Johnson to apply for grants and act as spokespersons for the project.These celebrities are vying for votes to award grants to such organizations as the Girls Education and Mentoring Service, the American Cancer Society, and the Brain Aneurysm Foundation. PepsiCo is also getting its message out to consumers at the point of purchase. Cans, bottles, and multipacks feature updated graphics that minimize an all lowercase Pepsi logo written vertically and highlights a new Pepsi brand mark: a large circle with swaths of red, white, and blue. That symbol replaces any â€Å"o† in Pepsi’s packaging and promotional materials.Thus, both â€Å"Do Some Good† and â€Å"Doing Good 101† each carry four of the ne w Pepsi circles. To draw people into retailer outlets to see the pointof- purchase (POP) materials and hopefully buy its soft drinks, Pepsi has partnered with Foursquare, the social network that connects people through GPS in real time. Foursquare members are directed to Pepsi retailers and given offers as an incentive for them to visit. DOING WELL BY DOING GOOD Despite the growth of cause-related marketing, PepsiCo’s effort is perhaps the first example of a major brand making social responsibility the main theme of its campaign, rather than an add-on.This does not downplay the efforts of companies like Target, which has given $273 million to local schools since 1997 through its RedCard program. But PepsiCo’s effort is built around a theme that drives the concept of â€Å"doing good† as much as it drives the brand. Coca- Cola’s response to Pepsi Refresh, donating a dollar to Boys and Girls Clubs of America each time a visitor to Coke’s Facebook pag e shares a virtual Coke gift, illustrates how most advertiser’s causerelated marketing efforts are peripheral to other advertising activities. Nooyi brings the centrality of Pepsi’s socially responsible message into perspective.The Pepsi Refresh Project is a platform, but at the end of the day, what we are doing is awarding the grants, we are enabling connections. It’s having a catalytic effect on people who are actually embracing these organizations. So, we’re not only benefiting the person who received the grant, we’re benefiting the people who are the recipients of the outcome of that idea. With schools, for instance, it’s not just one classroom that’s benefited. It’s all the kids who will be able to go to that classroom. And there have been people who have worked so hard to get this money that others have stepped in and matched the money they receive.Projects funded thus far are too numerous to list. But they include more t han high-profile efforts like the celebrity campaigns. Many awards are being given to everyday people just trying to improve their own little corners of the world. Calvin Cannon received $5,000 for Clothe the N. A. K. E. D. Prom Date, his venture to sponsor low-income, upstanding dudes in Shelbyville, Tennessee, by paying for their tuxedo rentals for the prom. Jeanne Acutanza from Kirkland, Washington, got $5,000 for her children’s school so that it could manage a sustainable garden and give the harvest to local food banks.And the Associates of Redlands Bowl received $25,000 to support performing arts in the community of Redlands, California. â€Å"I’m proud of every idea we’re supporting, but it’s the simplicity of [these ideas that is] so innovative,† says Nooyi. â€Å"You would never have thought that one simple thing could bring about a big change in the community. † IN SEARCH OF THE HOLY GRAIL All this cutting edge promotion and the eff ort to change the world are wonderful. But at the end of the day, PepsiCo has to sell soft drinks. After all, it is the fiftieth largest publicly held corporation in the Fortune 500.Pepsi is also the 23rd most valuable brand in the world according to Interbrand. If this experiment fails to support sales of its core brand, PepsiCo will no doubt abandon its innovative promotion efforts and return to its old ways. As one social marketer states, â€Å"This is big, new, getting a lot of attention. It’s impactful; it’s innovative. What the industry is talking about now is, is this a gamble that was worth taking, in terms of a lift in sales? That’s the holy grail. † But PepsiCo remains extremely optimistic. In the first few months of the campaign, the number of Facebook fans doubled.The company formerly got a Twitter tweet every five minutes or so. Now, it receives more tweets per minute than a person can read. But just what is the value of a Facebook or a Twitt er fan? Although many advocates of social networking say questions like that are irrelevant, budget-strapped chief marketing officers want to see return on investment. That’s why Bough and his team have developed a scorecard that ties different elements of the Pepsi Refresh campaign back to the health of the brand. Using standard research methods, PepsiCo will be measuring whether or not this campaign merits the expense.Pass or fail, many observers inside and outside PepsiCo will learn much from this first-of-its-kind social media and social responsibility campaign. Ana Maria Irazabal, director of marketing for PepsiCo, wants this campaign to become the model of the future. â€Å"We want people to be aware that every time you drink a Pepsi you are actually supporting the Pepsi Refresh Project and ideas that are going to move this country forward. We may be the first to do something like this, but hopefully, we’re not the last. † Questions for Discussion 1.Consid er PepsiCo’s advertising throughout its history. (For a list of Pepsi slogans over the years, visit http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pepsi#Slogans. ) Identify as many commonalities as possible across its various ad campaigns. How is this campaign consistent with PepsiCo’s brand image? 2. List all the promotional mix elements used in the Pepsi Refresh campaign. What grade would you give PepsiCo on integrating these elements into an integration marketing communications campaign? 3. Describe PepsiCo’s target audience. Is the Pepsi Refresh campaign consistent with that audience? . As completely as possible, analyze the campaign according to the steps listed in the chapter for developing effective marketing communication. 5. Will the Pepsi Refresh campaign be successful? Why or why not? Sources: Natalie Zmuda, â€Å"Pass or Fail, Pepsi’s Refresh Will Be Case for Marketing Textbooks,† Advertising Age, February 8, 2010, p. 1; Stuart Elliott, â€Å"Pepsi In vites the Public to Do Good,† New York Times, January 31, 2010, p. B6; Elaine Wong, â€Å"Pepsi Community Effort Finds Fans on Social Nets,† Brandweek, June 8, 2010, accessed at www. brandweek. com.

Diffusion and Osmosis of Solutes and Water Across a Membrane

Diffusion and Osmosis of Solutes and Water Across a Membrane Brittany Bacallao Nova Southeastern University Abstract: This experiment gave a visual understanding of osmosis and diffusion. The first experiment proved that solutes would move down a concentration gradient if permeable to the selective membrane. The second experiment proved different solute concentrations affect the movement of water, depending on the solute concentration inside the cell. The purpose of this lab was to look for different solutes that can cross an artificial membrane and to observe the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on the mass of a potato cell.Results for Part One suggested that the molecular weight of albumin and starch was too large to pass through the dialysis tube, but glucose and sodium sulfate molecules were small enough to pass through the dialysis tube. Also, a decrease in water weight occurred due the dialysis tube being placed in a hypertonic solution. Results for Par Two showed the potato cell having a molar concentration of 0. 2734, which caused sucrose concentrations above 0. 2 M to have a decrease in mass. Inversely, sucrose concentrations below 0. 2 M caused an increase in mass.Diffusion is the random movement of molecules spreading evenly into available space (Cain, Jackson, Minorsky, Reece, & Urry, 2011). Movement of water also follows a similar concept, however, water can act as a shield for solutes and become unavailable to diffuse while in other cases water is free and will move to an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration: this processes is better known as osmosis (Keith, Messing, Schmitt, & Feingold, 2010). Osmosis and diffusion can occur along a permeable membrane or selective membrane.A cell with a selective membrane allows small molecules and ions to pass through but excludes others; also, substances that are able to pass through the membrane do so at different rates. On the other hand, permeable membranes al low nonpolar molecules, such as hydrophobic molecules (water fearing), to dissolve in the lipid bilayer, which allows the molecule to easily cross the membrane. However, molecules such as glucose can pass through the lipid bilayer, but not as rapidly as nonpolar molecule (Cain et al. , 2011).Understanding the concept of osmosis helps explain why lakes cannot have an increase in salinity. If saltiness of a lake increases, species living in the lake could die. This occurs when the lake water becomes hypertonic solution, which causes the animal cells to lose an excessive amount of water forcing the cell to shrivel up and die (Cain et al. , 2011). On the contrary, understanding the concept of diffusion can help explain why after spraying perfume in one area of the room, then after several minutes, the perfume is smelled throughout the room.This is because particles of the perfume move randomly and eventually spread out evenly throughout the room. Moreover, in the experiment performed, d iffusion and osmosis was observed using artificial systems (plastic membranes) and potato cells. The null hypothesis for Part One of the experiment is that the concentration gradient has no effect on the weight of the dialysis tube. The alternate hypothesis is that the weight of the dialysis tube will be affected by the concentration gradient.The null hypothesis for Part Two of the experiment is that the increase of sucrose concentration has no effect on the mass of the potato cell. The alternate hypothesis is that the difference in sucrose concentration will affect the mass of the potato cell. This experiment tests all hypotheses and helps to explain the concepts of diffusion and osmosis. Materials and Methods: Part One: Gloves were used to obtain a 20 cm section of dialysis tube that had soaked in a beaker of distilled water prior to the experiment. The dialysis tube was cleaned with distilled water and then tied off to form a pouch.Once the pouch was formed, 3 mL of starch and so dium sulfate solution was placed inside the tube, and then tied off and weighed. The weight obtained was recorded as initial weight. While weighing the dialysis tube with the solution of starch and sodium sulfate, eight test tubes were obtained and solution of starch/sodium sulfate was added to two test tubes labeled bag start (Keith et al. , 2010). After weighing dialysis tubing of starch/sodium sulfate and adding the solution to two test tubes, the tubing was placed in a beaker containing a solution of albumin and glucose.Next, 1. 0 mL of albumin and glucose were then placed in two test tubes labeled solution start. The tubing in the albumin/glucose solution was kept inside the solution for 75 minutes. Every 15 minutes the solution and tube was mixed (Keith et al. , 2010). At the end of the 75 minutes, two 1. 0 mL samples of the albumin/glucose solution from the beaker were added to two test tubes labeled solution end. Then, the dialysis tube was removed from the beaker and rinsed off with distilled water. Once the tubing was rinsed and blotted dry the final water weight was recorded.After measuring the final water weight, the contents in the tubing was dumped into a beaker and 1. 0 mL of starch/sodium sulfate solution was added to two test tubes labeled bag end (Keith et al. , 2010). In order to test for glucose, a glucose dip and read strip was placed in the first set of test tubes that were labeled bag start, solution start, bag end, and solution end. Then, a protein dip-and-read strip was placed in the same set of test tubes and the results were recorded from both glucose and protein strips.After testing for protein, solution and bag samples were tested for sodium sulfate. To test for sodium sulfate, three drops of 2% barium chloride were added to the second set of test tubes labeled bag start, solution start, bag end, and solution end. The results were observed and then recorded (Keith et al. , 2010). To see if starch was present in the solutions, iodin e solution was added to the first set of test tubes that were used for the glucose and protein strips. Results were then observed and recorded (Keith et al. , 2010). Part two: Seven beakers were obtained. 0 mL of solution labeled 0. 2 M sucrose, 0. 4 M sucrose, 0. 6 M sucrose, 0. 8 M sucrose, 1 M sucrose, distilled water, and unknown were each placed in different beakers. Then, a potato was sliced into 28 cylinders using a cork borer. The cylinders were separated into seven groups of four and then placed under a paper towel until the group was ready to weigh the potato cylinders. Once prepared to weigh the cylinders, the weight of each group of cylinders was recorded. Four cylinders were placed into each beaker and sat for an hour (Keith et al. , 2010).After the beakers sat for an hour at room temperature, the potato cylinders were then removed and blotted dry. Final weight was recorded for each group of potato cylinders. To calculate the percentage change, the following equation wa s used (Keith et al. , 2010): Percent change =Ending mass-Starting massStarting mass? 100% Results: Part One Results for the first experiment revealed certain molecular weights were unable to pass through the selectively permeable membrane. Table 1 shows that albumin (protein) and starch were unable to pass through the selective membrane.Albumin’s molecular weight was approximately 64,000 Daltons and starch’s molecular weight was greater than 100,000 Daltons; these results were already known. Initially, glucose was present outside of the dialysis tube but in final results glucose was found in the final bag and final solution. On the contrary, sodium sulfate was initially present inside the dialysis tube but in the final results only, sulfate ion was found in the final solution. The last result was the change in water weight. Water had decreased from the initial weight. The following results are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Diffusion of solutes through an artificial membra ne after 75 minutes. | Glucose | Sulfate ion| Protein| Starch| Water weight (g)| Inside bag| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Initial| -| +| -| +| 16. 59 g| Final| +| -| -| +| 16. 05 g| Outside bag| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Initial| +| +| +++| -| Â  | Final| +| +| +++| -| Â  | Part Two In the second experiment results showed different concentrations of sucrose affected the potatoes’ mass. In the beakers containing 0. 0 M (distilled water) and 0. 2 M concentration of sucrose resulted in water entering the potato cell, which caused the cell to increase in mass.The beakers containing 0. 4 M, 0. 6 M, 0. 8 M, and 1 M of sucrose concentration had the opposite effect on the potatoes mass. Therefore, the higher the concentration was the greater amount of water left, causing the cell to decrease in mass. Also, the unknown concentration was found to be 0. 5 M of sucrose, which caused the mass in the potato cells to decrease as a result of water leaving the cell. The following infor mation is displayed in Table 2. Table 2: Percent change in mass of potato cells after being placed in different sucrose concentrations, also the differences in initial and final mass.Contents in beaker| Initial mass| Final mass| Mass difference| % Change in mass| a. Distilled Water| 0. 82| 0. 92| 0. 1| 12. 20%| b. 0. 2 M Sucrose| 0. 65| 0. 69| 0. 04| 6. 20%| c. 0. 4 M Sucrose| 0. 62| 0. 56| -0. 06| -9. 70%| d. 0. 6 M Sucrose| 0. 69| 0. 58| -0. 1| -15. 90%| e. 0. 8 M Sucrose| 0. 61| 0. 48| -0. 13| -21. 30%| f. 1 M Sucrose| 0. 74| 0. 57| -0. 17| -23%| g. Unknown| 0. 77| 0. 7| -0. 07| -9. 10%| The molar concentration of the potato cell was found to be 0. 2734 M. The molecular weight was found by looking for the x-intercept on the graph below (Figure 2. . Figure 2: Percent change in mass of potato cells put in different concentrations of sucrose. Discussion: Part One of the experiment indicated that the dialysis tube was selectively permeable and only molecular weight fewer than 64,000 Daltons were able to pass through the membrane. This explains why albumin and starch were unable to pass through the membrane because their molecules were too large. Conversely, glucose was able to pass through the selectively permeable membrane due to its relatively small molecular weight.However, because glucose was present in both the final bag and final solution this meant that glucose had evenly distributed its molecules by complying with the concept of diffusion. Sulfate ions present outside the dialysis tube in the final results show that sulfate ions were also able to diffuse through the selective membrane into the final solution. A decrease in water weight from initial weight shows that the dialysis tube was placed in a hypertonic solution causing more of the inside solution to diffuse to the outside leading to a decrease in the final weight of the bag.The null hypothesis is rejected in Part One of the experiment because the concentration gradient did affect the weight of t he dialysis tube. This is due to the fact that sodium sulfate completely left the bag, thus causing the bag to decrease in weight. The reason why sodium sulfate left is because there was no sodium sulfate in the solution; therefore, molecules went to an area of lower concentration. The alternate hypothesis is not rejected because the concentration gradient did affect the weight of the dialysis tube.This is proven by a decrease in initial weight due to sodium sulfate leaving the tube. Part Two of the experiment showed that the potato cells had some kind of change in their mass after being placed in different sucrose concentrations. The change in mass occurred because water either left the cell or entered the cell depending on the sucrose concentration. This explains why distilled water had the greatest increase in mass, because water wanted to go to an area (potato cell) of higher concentration from an area of low concentration.On the other hand, 1 M of sucrose concentration had the greatest decrease in mass because water wanted to leave the cell to move to an area of higher concentration. Therefore, if the concentration was greater than the molar concentration of the potato cell than water left the cell at a faster rate. The null hypothesis for Part Two of the experiment proved to be wrong because an increase in sucrose concentration did have an affect on the change in mass of the potato cell.Increased sucrose concentration changed the mass of the cell because the concentration was higher than the molar concentration of the potato cell. Thus, the alternate hypothesis is proven correct. The difference in sucrose concentration will affect the mass of the potato cell. References: Cain, M. L. , Jackson, R. B. , Minorsky, P. V. , Reece, J. B. , & Urry, L. A. (2011). Biology (9th Edition ed. ). San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. Keith, E. , Messing, C,. Schmitt, E. , Feingold, J. (2010). Laboratory Exercises in Biology (3rd ed. ). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publi shing Company.

Understanding consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Understanding consumer behavior - Assignment Example The service provided by concerned hotel is the most crucial factor for retaining customers’ loyalty and increase overall visits. For the success of the service industry, it is essential to offer the products and/or services according to the needs of the customers. Moreover, in order to face the increased completion in the hotel industry, it is necessary to examine the pattern of consumer behavior (Rani 52-61). Behavior of an individual is influenced by a number of factors including culture, social group, family members and other factors. A proper identification of the factors that are likely to influence the behavior of the customers enables the marketers to develop appropriate strategy for the development of the hotel business. The main aim of the hotel industry is to fulfill the needs of the customers and the studying consumer behavior facilitates the development of best products as well as offering unique services. Another factor that is most crucial and is likely to affect the buying decision is the prices of the products. The buying decision of the customers is linked with the price factor. Therefore, for this purpose of examining consumer behavior, it is likely to identify the preferable price of services offered. In addition to this, analyzing consumer behavior enables the marketers to identify the most suitable promotion method that has the potential to attract the potential custo mers as well as retain the existing ones (Rani 52-61). Consumers’ needs, motivation and values. Motivation is one of the important factors that are likely to influence consumer behavior, which in turn affects the purchase decision. Motivation enables an individual to undertake certain measure that has the potential to satisfy the needs and wants. In the context of consumer behavior, analyzing the motivation factors of the individuals is likely to be beneficial in attaining competitive advantage as compared to other hotels operating in the area. For

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As experts in the field, your marketing communications agency has been Research Paper

As experts in the field, your marketing communications agency has been asked to prepare a 'promotional plan' for an organisa - Research Paper Example The adaption of the second brand is due to the fact that products of the same nature exist but lack the ‘ah!’ factor. Through flavor and processing the best tobacco in 6teh world, Shishaah is presented as one of the purest form of rolled tobacco. The packaging of this product takes a rather more stylish look than the other products that trade in the same markets as the target markets for the Shishaah. The packaging includes the use of bio-friendly cover and a covered top presenting the illusion of an executive pen. By launching this product, the promotional plan aims at presenting a new tobacco product to the market to create a market share from those customers or cigarette smokers with the intentions to quit. While cigarette smoking and criticisms have led to reduced consumption of tobacco, the aim of this promotional plan is to launch a product that rates lower than cigarettes in terms of health – one that satisfies the smoking cravings of the regular smoker and the struggling quitters. In the past, various people, presumably users of conventional cigarettes have been documented filing law suits due to health problems that they associate directly with the consumption of tobacco from capable companies such as British American Tobacco (BAT) (Centers For Disease Control And Prevention a, 19). In this case, intense research on all possible effects of smoking Shisha have been identified and through the introduction of a better processed and flavored Shishaah major concerns are handled primarily. The selection of target market follows research results from a prefeasibility study that shows the number of people quitting cigarettes and their reasons for quitting. In addition, the number of quitters willing to take a break from conventional cigarettes presents an initial market as their motive for quitting conventional cigarettes is to try new products that may give a better feeling than the comfort sought from cigarettes. The target market mostly comprises of 25-50 year olds who are at their prime stage of developing their career foundations or at their active smoking phases (Centers For Disease Control And Prevention b, 33). The positioning of the Shishaah would be targeting all customers of the ages 25-50 and with a base income of more than $60,000 per annum. This target market is selected due to the fact that the product is released with the tagline ‘Shishaah! A product for the premium consumer’. Hence fore, the marketing positioning for Shishaah will be targeting middle to upper class customers within the industry. Competition in this area is presented by products such as Marlboro and Bucks as they are products, although not similar to Shishaah, that target the same cohort of consumers as the target market for the Shishaah. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths With regards to the target market of Shishaah, a considerable number of active smokers in the UK alone stand over 13,700,000 within the urban settings alone. On th e international market, the US is estimated to have a total of 18% of adults smoking on a regular basis – the Center for Disease Control reports. The CDC also identifies that a majority of working US adults are quitting smoking due to reasons central to health issues. In this case, one of the strengths of Shishaah is creating

Englishwriing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Englishwriing - Essay Example In contrast to other writers of his generation Tolstoy was connected with noble families of Russian aristocracy, who had brilliant French pronunciation and manners. At the same time he was a person full of antagonism. When Leo was nine he became an orphan. Tolstoy's upbringing was in the hands of Madam Egorsky. Having lost the parents Tolstoy became a rather difficult child. He was naughty boy with unexpected deeds, thoughts, ideas, but very kind-hearted (Derrick Leon, 1944, p. 54). Tolstoy began the literary work at the age of twenty. Being so young the author already had the dismissal from today's literary cannon. He always kept in mind the agonizing doubts between the dream and reality. It became the initial question that came through all his creative life. During his whole life Leo Tolstoy kept a diary. In 1852 the strict analisys of himself and surrounding left the bounderies of the diary and became a literary masterpiece. The author wrote his trilogy - "Childhood", "Boyhood" and "Youth". It was a work about different epoches in the life of every person. Up to Tolstoy it was considered that a human beeing was developing from simple level to complicated one. Every next step of his spiritual experience exceeded and canceled the privious one. We grew and our childhood left us forever. Up to Tolstoy the unit of measurement of a literary hero was his complex character. The Russian writer categorically denied such a view point. Beeing a seventy-six year-old man Tolstoy wrote: "If you ask me how I can perceive myself as a child, a youth and a grown-up paying no attention to time, I will answer you that I who combines a child, a young man and a chap is the answer" (Leo Tolstoy, 2005, p. 117). In his first novel "Childhood" he used the facts that he had gone through and the feelings that he felt deeply. In other words it was the spiritual autobiography of the Russian writer. The main hero of the novel was Nikolay Irtenyev. Everyone could see that the hero had a complex character. On the one hand the boy couldn't concentrate his attention on something particular, he wanted everyone to pay attention to him, he was selfish and easily carried away. On the other hand Nikolay was sensitive, shy and wanted to rank high among others. The Count Leo Tolstoy had the same features of character in his childhood. Tolstoy's aunt Yushkina was a very rich and noble madam with wide established relations. The best society of Kazan city enjoyed the time in her house. She dreamt of her famous nephews to become diplomats and aide-de-camp to the Emperor. The aunt was also sure that Leo Tolstoy should have relations with a woman of property and influence. At that time Leo's childhood was over. The second period of his life began. It was adolescence. Under such circumstances the writer changed a lot. Tolstoy wrote the second meaningful novel "Boyhood" where he used a technique of psychological analysis, which was to become his personal literary weapon. The inner world of Nikolay Irtenyev again resembled the inner world of the great writer. Unexpected emotions and almost arbitrary changes of mood reigned in the boy's soul. Dreams poisoned his mind at every opportunity. Causeless tears and irritation told about shattered , too sensible nerves inherited from the

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Assignment

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Financial Crisis - Assignment Example Mergers occur when two or more entities come together (in a form of partnership) to form a single trading unit- the entities cease to exist and form a new firm. A good example is the merger of two banks Lloyds TSB and HBOS, following the global financial crisis, to form Lloyds TSB-HBOS (Rosenbaum, 2009). Acquisitions on the other hand, refer to one entity, the bidding company, taking over a target entity, by acquiring, through purchase, of its stakes that could include shares, stocks (majority control of its capital) or assets. For example, Lehman Brothers was declared bankrupt (at a debt of 613 Billion Dollars) due to the recent global financial crisis was bailed out by the American Federal Government (Mihm, 2010). Therefore, the major distinction between mergers and acquisition is the position of the shareholders. In mergers, the shareholders exchange their shares for shares of the new entity, while in Acquisitions; the target company is bought out, with shareholders paid in cash o r debt. Objectives of Mergers and Acquisitions The current wave of M&A began in 2005. A report by the International Monetary Fund indicates that, during this time, the world’s real GDP grew by 4.8%. ... Many business firms opt for M&A due to many reasons. To state briefly, it is argued most firms, go for M&A, to cut on production costs; that, it is cost effective in the long run to merge with or acquire a firm producing a raw material for the larger firm. This saves on market exchange costs while the synergy due to M&A cuts on departmental and running costs, compared to an increased revenue stream from a large market share and a centralized management. Secondly, M&A is seen to achieve competitive advantage, due to new market knowledge and goodwill acquired, territorial advantage of the native firm acquired. A firm will merge or acquire another, and excel in the new market, due to the knowledge and experience of the target entity, as opposed to efforts of the bidding company going to it alone, in the foreign market (Shan & Hamilton, 1991). Another reason for M&A is the financial advantage of tax reliefs. It is argued that a company which reports loses, is more likely to be bought off by another profitable one, as the target company’s reported loss will be utilized in reducing tax liability. However, most governments like the United States have legislations that limit and check against this practice (Mihm, 2010). A statistical study by Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies & Research indicated that, the Arabian banks and Companies, which are smaller in size compared to similar foreign institutions needed to merge so as to remain globally competitive. Also, indicated in the report is because, in the first three quarters of 2008, there were 48 mergers in the Middle East only (Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research, 2009). Shan & Hamilton in their article â€Å"country-specific advantage and

Crime of their child Essay Example for Free

Crime of their child Essay The argument here is whether parents play a significant role in the formation of self control towards committing a crime of their child. Well, psychologically, this is still debatable. This is a matter of â€Å"nature or nurture†. The problem is whether the child’s personality is influenced by the environment’s upbringing, the genetic composition of the child, or both. We can not merely say that the formation of self-control towards committing a crime is environmentally motivated—which in most cases the parent’s discipline to their children. There are a lot of parentless people out there and are doing well in the society. In fact, some of them are more responsible and self-disciplined. The person’s personality is not merely dependent on how he is molded when he is a child but also on how he interacted with the environment he is situated. People have free will and are liberated on how he will decide on his life—what to choose, left or right, black or white, good or bad. Let us now talk about genetic composition alone. Do you think that every person has different levels of self control? For me, it is yes. But we can not directly say that personality is solely influenced by the person’s genetic composition but also the shaping by its environment—the parents. There are some people that are used to be bad but have managed and chose to be good. It’s what we call personal autonomy—we have the control to our lives. To conclude, I personally believe that a person’s character is motivated and influenced both genetically and environmentally. The two factors contribute to the formation of the person’s personality, specifically the formation of self control which we are discussing right now.

Makes analysis Essay Example for Free

Makes analysis Essay An interview can be defined as a purposeful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and Cannell, 1957, cited in Saunders et al, 2003). There are several types of interviews, including structured, semi-structured and unstructured. Structured interviews have the advantage of all respondents being asked the same set of questions, which makes analysis of the results easier in terms of comparison and spotting trends. Semi-structured interviews are non-standardised, which indicates that the researcher may simply be using a list of themes and questions that need to be covered, but each interview is different, and will cover different topics, dependant on the variation in respondents. Unstructured interviews are informal and give the interviewer the freedom to discuss any topic, while keeping the research objective the main focus. The interviewee has the freedom to discuss their experiences without being restrained by pre-set questions. The author believes that the most effective interview technique for this type of research is to use structured interviews, with respondents that can be recruited to fit a set quota, which stipulates the age, sex and socio-economic group of each. An interviewer-administered questionnaire is thought to be preferable to a self-administered questionnaire, because of the nature of the questions, which will require the interviewer to record verbatim. A fixed quota requires the interviewer to recruit a preset group of people, and other quota requirements can be set to ensure that the interviewees are in a position to discuss the main topic (i. e. a condition of fulfilling the quota would be having purchased a house within a set time frame). The topics to cover during the interviews could include the interviewees experiences with their mortgage provider and estate agent during the process of buying their house; how they think the process could be improved, and a list of suggestions on how to improve the system, for respondents to select for themselves. By using a combination of open and closed questions, it allows personal opinions to be recorded, and specific attributes to be measured (e. g. the level of satisfaction of service that the mortgage provider offered, using the likert scale). Additional services to be offered would be identified using the research as outlined in section 4. 0. The element of aftercare needs to be considered, as any action recommended by the seller should be undertaken by the buyer, after the sale has completed, e. g. if plumbing is not up to standard, and the buyer has been informed of this, it is their responsibility to fix the problem when the property transfers hands. The proposed service is supposed to make life easier on its customers, by doing all the hard work for them. This may be an easier task once government legislation has passed stipulating the necessity for information to be provided by both parties before offers are made on the property. Changes in the overall process will eventually change the outcome and impact on consumers, but until then, consumers will simply have to cope.

Precast System In Malaysia Construction Industry

Precast System In Malaysia Construction Industry The world has currently been alarmed with the issue of environment and sustainability, and indeed the construction industry has constantly been worried by the increasing cost of building maintenance and lifecycle issues. Therefore, in the last decade, IBS was promoted to enhance the importance of prefabrication technology rather than conventional method. Industrialised Building System (IBS) can be defined as a construction system in which components or elements of the structure such as column, beam, slab etc are manufactured in factories, on or off site, transported, positioned, assembled and constructed into structure with minimal additional site work. Malaysian government has adopted the IBS since sixties and underwent great efforts in this field (Thanoon et. al. 2003). The early attempt to apply IBS in Malaysia was the two pilot projects, the first project was Pekeliling Flats in Kuala Lumpur in 1964 and this project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen using the Danish System of large panels in a pre-fabricated system. The second project was Taman Tun Sardon project, Gelugor, Penang in 1965 and this project was awarded to Hochtief/ Chee Seng using French Estoit System (Din 1984). In Malaysia, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has classified the IBS system into 5 categories as Pre-cast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems, Formwork Systems, Steel Framing Systems, Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems and Block Work Systems. The advantages used of IBS such as the reduction foreign workers, less wastage, less volume of building materials, increased environmental and construction site cleanliness and better quality control etc. thus these advantages also enhanced a safe and more organized construction site, and reduce the completion time of construction. Unfortunately, the adoption of precast system in IBS still low in current state of Malaysia construction industry. 1.2 Problem Statement Industrialised Building System (IBS) was well known in many developing countries as it provides high level quality construction, more cost competitive, rapidly increases construction period, reduces dependence on foreign labour, reduces wastage environmental-friendly and maintains cleanliness at construction sites. The Governments IBS Roadmap 2011 to 2015 will increase the existing IBS content to 50 per cent in the private sector Malaysia. Till now, the usage of IBS content in the private sector is less than 10 per cent. The roadmap also plans to sustain the existing momentum of 70 per cent IBS content for the public sector. IBS Survey 2010 highlighted that the use of system formwork such as metal, aluminium, plastic etc. gained its popularity recently due to its flexibility, because it can be used in many projects, recyclable at many phase of construction and can be used in different types of design structure. System formwork is not dependent on economy of scale and commercially via bility (Kamar et al, 2011). However, the precast system plays a significant role in IBS, but the use of precast system still low. What is the perception and awareness to the adoption of precast system in Malaysia? What are the problems in the implementation of precast system? The quality of precast system is enough sustainable? Precast system inflexible to change? 1.3 Aim and Objectives The aim of the study is to analysis the implementation of precast system in current states Malaysia construction industry. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been identified: To determine the benefits of adoption of precast system. To identify the problems on adoption of precast system. To determine the factors affect the standardized of precast design 1.4 Hypothesis Adoption of precast system can provides high level quality construction, more cost competitive, rapidly increases construction period, reduces dependence on foreign labor, reduces wastage environmental-friendly and maintains cleanliness at construction sites. 1.5 Scope of Study The scope of study will focus on the precast system of IBS only. Data collection will conduct in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor only. 1.6 Research Methodology Questionnaire 100 questionnaires will send by mail or post to developer companies, consultant practices, contractor companies and manufacturers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The design of survey questionnaire includes several processes such as literature review on survey and IBS (precast system) itself. It is important to enhance knowledge in survey method. The questions provide primarily quantitative data, and are frequently used in confirmatory research. In determining the objective of this research, close-ended question was widely used as it could provide the answer in a scale format. Interviews Follow up interviews also were used in this research as a confirmation or to add more information on IBS (precast system) from the respondents. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition of Industrialised Building System In Malaysia construction sector, Industrialised Building System (IBS) is defined as construction system which components are manufactured in factories, on or off site, transported, positioned and assembled into structure with minimal additional site work (IBS Survey CIDB, 2003). IBS also defined as which all building components such as floor slab, column, wall, staircase and beam are mass produced either in factories or at site with well quality control and reduce on site activities (Trikha, 1999). Warswaski (1999) asserted that an industrialisation process is an investment in equipment, facilities, and technology with the objective of maximising production output, minimising labour resource, and improving quality while a building system is defined as a set of interconnected element that joint together to enable the designated performance of a building. An IBS is a continuum beginning from utilising craftsmen for every aspect of construction to a system that make use of manufacturing production in order to minimize resource wastage and enhance value for end users (Esa and Nuruddin, 1998). Lessing et al, (2005) defined IBS as an integrated manufacturing and construction process with well planned organization for efficient management, preparation and control over resources used, activities and results supported by the used of highly developed components. 2.2 History of Industrialised Building System Nowadays, the implementation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) is not new and not just occurs in Malaysia construction industry. The history of using IBS started in the United Kingdom housing industry on the mid of 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, when IBS and other types of prefabricated construction system or technique were used to solve the shortage of houses due to the problem of widespread destruction of housing stock during the Second World War. The attention and adoption of IBS were getting more concerned in construction sector after the Second World War due to the need to quickly solve the critical shortage of houses. In Malaysia, the adoption of IBS began in early 1960s when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia visited several European countries and evaluated their housing development program (Thanoon et al, 2003). In year 1964, our government had launched 2 pilot projects by using IBS. The first pilot projects with adoption of IBS in Malaysia was constructed on 22.7 acres of land along Jalan Pekeliling which included the construction of 7 blocks of 17 storey flats, and 4 blocks of 4-storey flats comprising about 3,000 units of low cost flats and 40 storey shop lots. The first pilot project was awarded to the Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen by using the Danish System of large panels in a pre-fabricated system. Afterwards, the government of Malaysia had launched the second project, a six block of 17-storey flats and three blocks of 18-storey flats at Jalan Rifle Range. This project was awarded to the Hochtief/ Chee Seng by using the French Estoit System (Din, 1984). A performance of comparison in term of cost, quality and productivity has been carried out between IBS and conventional construction method by referring on the two pilot project launched by our government. From the comparison in term of cost, it invented that the first pilot project was 8.1% higher meanwhile the second pilot project was 2.6% lower than by using conventional system for a similar type of building or project. For productivity or time frame, both projects required 27 months to complete, while include of the time needed to set up the recasting factories. In term of quality, the quality of both pilot projects was discovered well and better than the conventional construction method. From the performance of comparison of both pilot projects, it showed that the rival between the IBS and the conventional construction method. Today in the Malaysia construction industry, complete projects usage of IBS is gradually increasing however ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s still slow and not satisfied as forecasting especially in private sector. Although, the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has been actively promoting and encouraging the implementation of IBS since a decade. In year 2003, the Cabinet Minister has approved the IBS Roadmap 2003 to 2010 with one of the key elements is to is to enforce the utilisation of IBS content for 30% for any government building project in 2004 and gradually increasing this to 50% in 2006 and 70% in 2008. Afterwards, The Governments Industrialised Building System (IBS) Roadmap 2011 to 2015 has approved which will replace the IBS Roadmap 2003 to 2010 and this new IBS Roadmap will more pay attention on the adoption of IBS in private sector building project. The main goal of the new IBS Roadmap is to increase the existing usage of IBS content to 50% in the private sector buildi ng project till 2015 in Malaysia construction sector which till now the adoption of IBS content in the private sector is less than 10%. The IBS roadmap 2011 to 2015 also plans to sustain the existing momentum of 70% IBS content for the government building project till 2015. 2.3 Classification of Industrialised Building System Industrialised Building System (IBS) is construction system or technique which components are mass manufactured in factories whether on or off site with well quality control, transported to assembled into structure so that can reducing the site activities. There are five main types or groups indentified and classified by Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) are used in Malaysia construction industry (CIDB 2003):- Pre-cast concrete framing, panel and box system are the most ordinary type of Industrialised Building System (IBS) among other types in Malaysia construction industry. The elements are columns, walls, beams, floor slabs, 3D elements such as lift chambers, staircases, toilets and balconies, permanent concrete formwork etc. These elements or components are produced or manufactured in factories with well quality control and then transported to site for install or assembly. Steel formwork system are the most popular group which can to be used in various types of design structural and many phase of construction in our industry because of its flexibility and recyclable. Besides that, steel formwork system is easier for used and installation among other groups and offer a high quality finish. It suitable applied in tunnel forms, columns and beam moulding forms and permanent steel formworks. The elements of steel framing system are steel beams and columns, roof trusses and portal frames which normally used together with precast beams, column and floor slabs. In addition, this system is suitable for time effective and skyscraper construction project. Prefabricated timber framing system is normally adopted as timber frames, and roof trusses of a building. This system always has been used extensively in western countries housing developments. Furthermore, it offers a unique and interesting design while the rate of timbers is gradually increasing in nowadays. Nowadays, many of development building projects are used block work system such as interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks. The element of block work systems normally used as bricks in structures and interlocking concrete block pavement. 2.4 Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box System 2.4.1 Introduction Precast concrete can defined as elements or components are cured and manufactured in factories or plant environments with high quality control and then transported to site for installation and assembled into structure. The utilisation of precast system in Malaysia construction sector is not new, especially for rapid construction project with high accuracy, productivity and quality such as schools, hospitals, Light Rail Transit (LRT), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), apartments, drain infrastructures etc. However, the application of precast concrete system still low as forecasting while government was actively promoting it. The industry chooses to use the conventional construction method and ignore the benefits of using precast system. The most common types of precast concrete system structural elements in practice:-

A Kinder Reader Essay -- Essays Papers

A Kinder Reader When one thinks of stories that improve us as human beings, Aesop’s Fables comes to mind, not the dark, dank, heroin‑laced world of Mohsin Hamid’s Moth Smoke. But, reading is like fashion, and one man’s cherished plaid pants are another man’s horror. Not all fiction can directly dole out moral advice, such as Jane Austen’s warnings about the dangers of hasty judgment in Pride and Prejudice, but almost all fiction can proffer tales that at the very least expand our range of vision. Moth Smoke brings us, its intended American audience, into the foreign world of modern day Pakistan. The protagonist, Daru, is recently unemployed, in love with his best friend’s wife and cultivating a small heroin addiction. Hamid puts the readers front and center of this foreign world by making them the judges of Daru. To step out of your surroundings, even if only for 245 pages, changes you, makes you unable to step back into the exact mold of a form er self you left behind. Your borders have shifted, been expanded, even if only by a fraction. Terry Eagleton brings these ideas to light in his book, Literary Theory, when he extrapolates on what it means to become a â€Å"better† person—a transformation in which, liberal humanists would argue, literature plays a part.1 At first glance Moth Smoke appears to be a novel left out of the running for this transformative seal of approval. How can a reader be morally transformed by a story that does not teach one how to â€Å"love thy neighbor† but rather the finer details of how to roll a joint while driving? But, after only a few pages Moth Smoke becomes a crash course in moral complexity, throwing readers head‑first into uncomfortable situations and then forcing them to make a... ...y sympathetic. So the box is wide. The crime is violent and despicable: the needless killing of a boy. So the box is long. And the defense invokes a grand conspiracy, corruption, which is particularly resonant these days. So the box is tall† (38). Professor Superb’s dimensions of the box serve as a tangible example of the judgment the reader must make. In each direction, on every axis of the box is a different, but equally valid, moral decision to be made. Transformative literature such as Moth Smoke forces its readers to expand their empathy in order to make such decisions with clarity and conviction. Notes 1. Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983). 2. All references in the text are to Mohsin Hamid, Moth Smoke (New York: Picador USA, 2000). 3. Eagleton, 210. 4. Eagleton, 208. 5. Eagleton, 208.

Analysis of Flea by John Donne :: essays research papers

The Flea The narrator in The Flea is a youthful man trying to convince a young woman to give her virginity to him. He tries to do this by comparing their relationship to a flea that is in the room. The flea bites them both and Donne explains to her that this is symbolic of both of their worlds combining into one. He says that the flea is now the realm of love, lust, and marriage. At first this poem seems to be just about love, commitment from a male to a female, who says no his lustful desires. However, a deeper look than just the superficial reveals that the male in this poem is actually revealing a valid point to his lady: that the loss of innocence, such as her virginity, does not constitute a loss of her honor. At first, this poem seems to be simply about a young, sexually hungry man who is trying to convince a girl to give into his sexual wishes. She denies the ?wanna be? lover because she believes that the act of intercourse before marriage is a dishonorable sin in the eyes of the church. The lady ends up killing the flea and symbolically killing the false world the man had constructed in the flea. She then says that neither of them are any worse by killing the flea, which the male agrees with. The man concludes his point by granting that the death of the flea does not really have any consequences, just like her fears to loose her respectability and honor. His main point in all his talk about the flea is to show her that her honor will not be ruined if she yields to him. John Donne?s poem connects flesh and spirit, worldly and religious ideas in a fascinating way between seemingly unrelated topics. He compares sexual intercourse to a bite of a flea and says that now their blood has mixed inside the flea. He also compares the inside of the tiny flea to the entire world, including the couple.

Help with macbeth P.E.E

Explain what medium you will use to present your Ideas (Why you have chosen to do a painting etc) PARA 3 -5 The scenes you have chosen. This Is your PEE Paragraphs 2. Explain which theme you will focus on in your presentation. Why you chose it? 3. Explain why you are doing a sculpture and what you hope to show your audience 4. You are going to explain which scenes best illustrate your theme. (Pick out 3-5 examples that show the breakdown in their relationships) 5. With these examples, you will then write PEE paragraphs. 6.Conclusion The Role of Guilt In Macbeth Guilt plays a strong role In motivating Macbeth, and causes Lady Macbeth to be river over the edge of sanity to her death. Throughout the story, there are many different types of guilty feelings that play a role in Machete's fatal decisions and bring Lady Macbeth to commit suicide. Although there are many instances that show the power guilt has played on the main characters, there are three examples that show this the best. On e is, just after the murder of the great King, Duncan.Guilt overcomes Macbeth where he can no longer think straight. A second example is soon after that, where all the guilt Macbeth feels at first, changes into hate after he decides that Banquet must be killed as well. The last example is Just about at the end of the play, when we see Lady Macbeth sleepwalking, and then later committing suicide; this all because of the burden of her guilt. All of these examples build the proof that In this play, guilt plays a very large role In the characters' lives. Returns to his room to Join his wife.As any person would be, Macbeth is very shaken by his wrong act. Killing a man, not to mention a beloved king is a sin and Macbeth knows it very well! He truly believes he has murdered all innocence, and only worse things will follow. Throughout the scene there are several quotes that show this; † Glacis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Castor shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more, † and † Will all great Neptune ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red. This shows the amount of guilt he felt. He describes this by saying that if he tried to wash his hands in the river, it would turn into the color of the blood itself. Lady Macbeth attempts to make him stronger, † A little water clears us of this deed: How easy it is then! † But the guilt he feels Just does not go away†¦ At least for the time being. As soon as Act Ill is set up, we see Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Banquet having a nice friendly conversation. Macbeth was already crowned king, and a dinner was planned for that night. Banquet was to be the â€Å"guest of honor†.Little did any of us know, Macbeth was already conspiring his friend's death. Guilt seems to play a motivating role when he says, â€Å"Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill† What he is referring to, is his guilt; if you do something bad once, it will bother you. If you do it again, it will bother you less. If you keep doing it, it will eventually stop bothering you impolitely. He also admits, (that one time only) in the scene, that after killing Duncan, his morals and guilt were poisoned and used to motivate him to commit more murderous crimes. Fit be so, for Banquets issue have I filed my mind; For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; Put rancorous in the vessel of my peace†¦ † Perhaps one of the strongest evidence that shows guilt, is how it affected Lady Macbeth. After the absence of a story line for most of the play, Act V begins by re- entering Lady Macbeth; this time though, she is not at all the woman we were first introduced to. It begins with a discussion between a doctor and a very worried gentlewoman about the failing health of the lady herself.Just as we learn that she has begun to sleepwalk every night, Lady Macbeth comes in, doing Just that. She start s to rub her arms, in a washing motion and says, â€Å"Out damned spot! Out, I say! † and, â€Å"†¦ Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? † The word blood, is really a metaphor for the enormous guilt she feels and her action, in trying to get rid of the guilt by â€Å"washing† and rubbing it away. In the second quote, the â€Å"old man† represents, King Duncan. Who would have known that killing the king carried so much guilt?Her sleepwalking continues as she talks about the death of Lady Macadam. † The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? What, will these hands newer be clean? † After the continuous rubbing motion, Lady Macbeth cries out, â€Å"Here's the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. † She realizes that nothing could ever get rid of the smell of the blood and the guilt caused by all the murders committed by Macbeth. It's also shown here that she feels fully responsible for every person killed by her husband.Just several scenes later, Lady Macbeth commits suicide. What's the reason? It was Just a build up of all The quotes and explanations used throughout this essay, built up proof that guilt played a big role as the motivation for Macbeth, and guilty feelings were brought out through the characters' actions and responses, until the very fatal end. Guilt itself, is a very strong and uncomfortable feeling. It can result though, in many good things, and Just as easily into bad things. This is what happened throughout this story†¦ And this is also why the play has been called, â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth. †

Reflection on Sona

I have heard pretty much more or less about 10 State of the Nation Addresses by many presidents. They all have told pretty much the same common and general thing, that they being the president of the country for this year have done so much to help the Philippines. With investments coming in, roads and buildings constructed, health, education and insurance growths. Believe me when I say I have heard it all. Pnoy’s SONA is pretty much the same things I have heard other presidents say. They boast numerous and countless achievements in their term but still I have never yet to hear a truthful lay down of the Philippines in pretty much every SONA.For once in my lifetime I really want a president to say where and what the Philippines is at. A person can already know what the President saying is false by taking a look around you. For my experience, I still see majority of the population below the poverty line. I see 10 to 15 year old infrastructure begging the people to improve it. I still see no changes being made. So to say that Pnoy’s SONA is nothing new is a fact and not a mere opinion. What I really would like to hear is a truthful SONA. Something more negative rather than positive. Something that would really describe where the Philippines is at.I know it when I see something fishy and I know it when something is true. Hey, just take a look around you, and you will know 100% if the president is lying or not. The real problem is politics. It is a dirty business. People want to win elections, be the best, and of course want to show their best. Politics is a world so deranged that what all politicians do nowadays, is give free food for everyone in the barangay and they instantly win. Has winning come down to such levels that people really do not care anymore? It is true, that people want to rise from the ranks of poverty, but they should not rely on any politician.They should not rely on the things they hear our president Pnoy say, but in reality, they should rely on themselves. Yes the government and Pnoy is there to help us, but the real problem lies within people. Will the rich ever step down to the poor? Will the poor ever be able to step up to the rich? Its in all these questions that I ask myself, should I really be listening to the SONA when in fact, not specifically, but I know where my country is at. I want real change and not just the words and numbers coming out from our president’s most recent SONA.Real change that I can see when I walk down the alley or the streets. I know my part in this country and I hope that people will realize that a SONA is just words coming out of one person’s mouth. The real state of the nation lies within the hearts and minds of all people living in their country. It lies within the heart and conscience of every person, may it be the rich or the poor. We all have our judgements in society. Let’s just for once, stop judging, and start helping each other out. Only then wil l we be able to see the true changes that will for sure, ratify our country not for the worse, but for the better.

Education and Teacher Essay

The word â€Å"teacher† does the profession no service. A teacher is really a combination of the most important professions in the world. Besides the parents, an educator is the biggest influence in a child’s life. The age span in which children are in school is the most impressionable years of their lives. A student’s educational experience can mold the events of his or her future. That is why I want to become a teacher. I want to be a mold for younger generations, and I hope for students to remember a knowledgeable and ethical teacher. Beliefs I feel the student should come to school willing to learn and the teacher should come ready to teach! The student’s role is just as important as the teachers; the student’s expectations of the teacher should be for her to teach and help them learn at all times. Teachers also play an important role in the classroom when it comes to the environment. If the teacher prepares a warm, happy environment, students are more likely to be happy. An environment set by the teacher can be either good or bad. If students feel the teacher is angry, students may react badly to that and therefore learning can be harder. I think teachers are responsible for the social behavior in their classrooms. This behavior is primarily a reflection of the teacher’s actions and the environment he/she sets. Metaphysics We are all here for a purpose and I believe that, that is to live for God and follow his way of life. It is hard to know what you are really on earth for until you find it through him! Some teachers will find it hard to keep the focus on the classroom do to all the other outside distractions but, I strongly believe that is you were meant to be a teacher then you will find a way to look past the bad and find the good. Why am I here? I think I am here to help children follow their dreams and make it through school easier than I did. When I become a teacher I want to be the best ever! I want to see that smile on the kids’ faces after I teach them something amazing. Progressivism I want to teach from some aspects of the progressivism style which focuses on respect for individuality, high regard for science, and learning from experience. I want to teach the children in my classroom to have respect for each other. This is a quality that will help them to be successful in society because if they respect others, then others will have respect for them. Having respect for others also shows that they have respect for themselves. I also want children to learn by hands-on activities. I will direct them from step to step and demonstrate how to do each step in the activities they perform. These activities make learning more interesting for the children because the children are able to get involved instead of just always watching the teacher do everything. Speaking of the children getting involved, they can really get involved when learning in a different atmosphere when on field trips. I feel taking children on field trips is an effective learning experience for them because it allows children to get out of the classroom setting and learn from a different perspective. In addition I want to focus on sciences because they are an important area in the knowledge of children. I think this growing area of our society should be focused on thoroughly because science advances and improves every day and I feel children should be aware of their changing world. Constructivism I feel like this is the main reason why I should teach and why I want to teach, I have learned so much though school and it has molded me to become who I am today. I learn a lot through experience and what I know will make me a better teacher it will help me relate to the ones that hate school or the ones that think they can’t do it. It’s all a process and the way you take the steps is how I think you will show others so you have to help them with their process and make sure that it doesn’t go bad or in the wrong direction. I plan to continue my education so that I may make teaching my profession. After graduation, I hope to find a position in an elementary school teaching in one of the first through sixth grade classes. I feel that elementary education is extremely important because it is here that children establish their foundation for the rest of the educational career. My goal and desires are to have the opportunity to touch a child’s life.

Harmony

Music is composed by four elements, this elements are harmony, rhythm, form and melody. I consider harmony to be the most important and my personal favorite because harmony is what gives the feeling and character to a song. The harmony gives emotions to a song, some of this emotions are sadness, happiness and/ darkness. Harmony is any combination of tones simultaneously. It is the structure of music with respect to the composition and progression of chords. It is often referred as the â€Å"vertical† side of music with melody being the â€Å"horizontal† side of music.Usually harmonization sounds pleasant to the ear as long as the consonant and the dissonant sounds are balanced. Which means that there is a balance between the â€Å"tense† and the â€Å"relaxed† moments. The word harmony comes from the Greek word harmonia that means â€Å"agreement† and from the verb harmozo that means â€Å"to Joint†. In the past the word harmony was used to r efer to the whole field of music while the word â€Å"music† was used to refer to the arts in general. There are different types of harmony.Some of these types are open position, close position, subordinate and oordinate. Even though some types of music can exist without harmony like percussive music that doesn't utilize harmony, doesn't mean that all kinds of music can exist without harmony. No, they can't. One of the genres of music that highlights the use of harmony is Jazz. Any music that utilizes instruments like piano, guitar or voices utilizes harmony. A song that I like and highlights the use of harmony is â€Å"Hotel California† by The Eagles.In this song some of the chords they use mimic the ringing f the â€Å"mission bell† on top of hotel. There is also a Spanish feeling in the song that I think could relate to the Spanish heritage of California. In the beginning of the song there is also a â€Å"shaker† sound that kind of resembles that of th e rattlesnake. When you hear this sound you can imagine a desert. All of this and other sounds in the song creates a mood. Also during the chorus you can hear a few other voices in the background that resembles there sound of voices echoing through the hallways of the hotel.

Burger King Business Communication Case Study

Burger King Business Communication Case Study Burger King is a fast food Corporation. It is the second largest fast-food chain in the United States, trailing only McDonalds. The company franchises more than 10,400 restaurants and owns about 1,000 for a chain wide total exceeding 11,455, with locations in all 50 states and 56 countries. The company serves 15.7 million customers each day and over 2.4 billion Burger King Hamburgers are sold each year across the globe. Miami entrepreneurs James McLamore and David Edgerton founded Burger King Corporation in 1954. REASONING The reason as to why I have chosen to write a report on Burger King is to illustrate its communication strategies and its communication effectiveness. Business Demographics Demographics are attributes used for marketing purposes. Burger King uses the means of networking, media and the internet to communicate between different locations. The organisation uses its demographical strategies to meets it consumer interests and also for profitability to the company. Burg er King’s demographic strategy is well planned and well laid out, making it easy to market the organisation to its customers who are from different age groups and from different cultural backgrounds. Organisational Goals Burger King’s main aims and objectives are to serve its customers with the bests meals and services a fast food company could possibly provide. To achieve this, the organisation has a zero compromise policy for the communication of its aims and objectives. The aims and objectives are highly important to the organisation, for it is the only way the organisation maintains its integrity amongst it competitors and its customers. Burger King’s aims and objectives are well set and structured, making it relatively easy to communicate them within the organisation and also to its customers. The organisation’s main source to communicate its aims and objectives are through the media, banners, coupons, handouts and also through the internet. ORGANISA TIONAL CULTURE AND ETHICS Burger King is an organisation that serves customers from various backgrounds and cultures. This makes it extremely important to manage communication in the most delicate manner as possible. The organisation has to keep in mind that not all customers consume all the menus the company offers. For example: customers who are from an Indian background won’t eat beef, customers who are from a Muslim background won’t eat pork. Its vital information like these that the organisation has to keep track of in order to meet the needs of people who are from different backgrounds and cultures. Management of Knowledge Resource Management of knowledge resources is critical for any organisation. It helps in ensuring that vital knowledge is passed on within the organisation so that the organisation can maintain its ever long trend of providing the quality of work or service as it has been providing in the past. Burger King is one such Organisation that takes pr ide in its quality of service that it has been known of providing. Achieving this however took a lot of work and experience for the organisation. To ensure that knowledge and experience is passed on within the organisation, the Burger King Management team relies heavily on their old staffs who possess the skills and experience needed for the organisation to maintain its quality of work. The old staff members train and groom the new recruits so that they can cope with the organisations requirement standards and deliver quality services to its customers. The Management team of Burger King also holds staff meetings and orientations to ensure that vital knowledge and experience is equally shared amongst each and every member of the team. The also shuffle the teams together so that there is an equal balance of knowledge and experience within the teams.

Give a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Give a topic - Essay Example It brings out their affiliation towards worshiping things they can see rather than an invisible power. They believe all animals and plants, large and small, have powers because the perceived great spirits have a presence in them. This includes non living things like rocks. They also believe that humans need to bow down to nature and have patience as it helps them in their short lives. Another fascinating point by the people of the Pacific islands is their belief that the power of the spirits is concentrated in certain beings and places. They believe that these powers are the ones that enable them to display unusual insights, strength and effectiveness. As described by Tlakaelel, the spiritual leader, such powers may be found in objects like specially made mirrors that concentrate power. The leader believes that when one reaches a point that they can concentrate with all their being, it’s a moment of light full of ecstasy. It is also interesting the way it is pointed out that s uch sacred sites may be recognized by the powers felt by the believers within their

Impact of Drug Legalization in Colorado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Impact of Drug Legalization in Colorado - Essay Example My college students were my close friends introduced me to marijuana and other hard drugs use. The legalization of marijuana use took many lives of people and the young schooling people never continued with their education. The paper seeks to discuss the impacts of marijuana legalization in the state of Colorado, United States of America. In the year 2000, marijuana was legalized for medical use and later in the year 2012 it was allowed by the state government to be used for recreational purposes. After legalization, according to Rocky Mountain High Intensity, Drug Trafficking Area (RMHIDTA) (2013) the traffic accidents involving drivers testing positive from the use of marijuana increased by 14 percent and the youth aged between 12 and 17 using marijuana was 7 percent as compared to the national percentage of marijuana users of 10 percent. The adolescent aged youths who were then schooling used marijuana excessively and never understood the purpose of using it. Some dropped out of school; some developed mental illnesses while some became drug traffickers. Now to begin my story, I was brought up in a middle-class family a local city in Colorado, America. I went to school in a state recognized school. Near our home, people planted marijuana illegally before, but after it was legalized they planted it in plantations. I used to buy huge and many rolls of marijuana and went to sell to my fellow students at a school. At school, everybody was using it students and teachers alike. We formed a group of several students and our core principle was supplying marijuana and other hard drugs to students at a school. Some of my friends dropped out of school while some developed mental illnesses and their lives were ruined. Local and international drug traffickers recruited us to operate the illegal business in and outside the country. This is where my life took another course. It was too late for me to realize the mistake I had done.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a Wind Power Production Research Paper

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a Wind Power Production Project in Turkana Area of Kenya; East Africa - Research Paper Example The project under consideration will constitute a wind farm situated at the South Eastern end of Lake Turkana. This area is mostly uninhabited, rocky and arid desert area. The geographical conditions are unique with daily temperature fluctuations generating strong, predictable wind streams between Lake Turkana and the desert hinterland. Although there is no significant source of water, power or coal, the area can be termed as an enormous natural heat engine. This is due to the wind circulation system coming as a result of the difference in temperatures of the sun-baked land region and the cooler waters of the lake. The heating of the land air causes rising of hot air, which is promptly replaced by the cool air from the Lake blowing as wind throughout the area until it cools down. Contrary to what happens in the oilfield where depletion occurs, the blowing goes on as long as the as the sun shines. The projected area effectively acts as a funnel whereby the wind streams are accelerated to speed up to 15m/s. This ascertains the positivity of the resource to driving turbines for power production. The power deficit in Kenya is a serious problem and the production of electric energy using wind, will boost the production to high. The modelling done estimates that wind power installation with capacities of close to 300 megawatts would be required to increase the power production by 20%. The wind farm will include 365 V53 turbines with hub heights of 44 meters to produce clean electricity into the national grid system. 1.2. Project Timelines The project under consideration is scheduled to take five years to completion though in three phases. The first phase of two years will incorporate ground work and research findings on the viability of this project in the Turkwel region, followed by installation phase of two years, which also see the pre trial use being done. The last one year phase will be the commissioning stage. Timescale of change Environmental Parameter Geologi cal aspect Will not change and will remain stable. Can be more than 50 years Favorable air replenishment and cut down on GHGs. Varies seasonally The population of migratory bird from Lake Turkana will be affected to the south Eastern side. 1.3. Project Location The Lake Turkana project will constitute a wind farm situated 8 Km South East of Lake Turkana in Marsabit County Loyiangalani district of Kenya. The exact position of the proposed plant is between two mount ranges; Southwest of Mt Kulal and Northeast of Mt. Nyiru. The Map Showing the location of the project is exhibited in Annex 1. 1.3.1. Soil Capacity The area has basically a clay based soil meaning the area is more alkaline with the surrounding rocks being predominantly volcanic. The area has undergone tremendous natural degradation in form soil erosion. The soil in the area has been affected by the overgrazing of the pastoralists communities. Lack of vegetation and cutting down of the few trees and shrubs make the area pro ne to soil destruction processes. The construction of the project will result into increased soil erosion during installation of turbines and road construction. This combined with strong winds and occasional rains may lead to acute and chronic erosions. 1.3.2. Ground Water The area consists of efficient aquifers of ground waters that can be utilised for the construction purposes. This is through the drilling of boreholes and provides sufficient project water and avoids competition with the locals. After construction, the extra boreholes will be made available to the local communities. 1.3.3. Surface Water The water quantity and quality is a critical issue and its availability in the project area, is generally low and constitutes one of the major challenges in the region. The

Criminal Justice relating to Media Research Paper

Criminal Justice relating to Media - Research Paper Example According to Freedman (2006), â€Å"The belief that media violence is harmful is widespread. In the recent poll conducted in the US, 10% of the people said that television violence is the major cause in the increased number of the crime rate†. Nowadays, media has been the source of violence in the society as media consumption has been continuously rising for the past decade. Media has been a part the human civilization since time immemorial. Hence, society’s dependence on media has been significantly flourished throughout the decade. One particular source of news and entertainment is largely attributed to television programs and the internet. The type of programming contained in news reports, soap operas, family sitcoms, even children’s programs have demonstrated a level of media violence that needs immediate attention especially by the parents or guardians of the kids. This is so true when it comes to children’s cartoon channels. Most of the time, their p arents or guardians fail to monitor what they watch on the television. Cartoon programs were created to entertain young children, but research has shown that a significant value of media violence is attributable to cartoons. On the other hand, the internet has also played a substantial role in the proliferation of media violence as seen in computer games which most of the young kids are fond of. This study shall focus on the violence content that is being shown in children’s programming, while mixing it with the element of humor. â€Å"This helps create that illusion that violence is fun and largely without any negative consequences. The unpunished violence perpetrated by attractive heroes provides the best description for encouraging imitation of violent scripts and adoption of pro-violence beliefs and attitudes† (Gentile 2003). Content of Violence in Children’s Programs Violence has been used as a key factor to make the audience glued to the television. With t he presence of humor and combined with violence, the audience’s attention will be fixed watching the program from beginning to end as a form of entertainment. â€Å"The recent studies have shown that the average American child witnesses more than 10,000 violent crimes, which include murder, rape and assault each year on television; and about 200,000 violent crimes by the time they are in their teens†. Percentage of Violent Television Programs by Content and Program Genre In a study conducted by NTVS in 1998, it was shown that excessive violence was defined as nine or more acts of violence in a given program. Program Genre TYPE OF VIOLENT CONTENT ALL CHILDREN’S COMEDY DRAMA MOVIES MUSIC VIDEOS REALITY EXCESSIVE VIOLENCE 32 31 5 40 59 3 17 FANTASY VIOLENCE 45 87 14 11 19 12 0 PUNISHMENT OF BAD PERPETRATORS 55 59 47 66 56 27 45 LONG-TERM NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES 16 6 8 33 33 10 7 SHORT-TERM NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES 55 67 44 49 49 41 47 NO NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES 29 26 48 1 8 17 49 45 VIOLENCE WITH BLOOD OR GORE 14 1 1 21 24 9 16 VIOLENCE WITH HUMOR 42 68 89 16 32 14 8 USE OF GUNS 26 12 15 41 33 18 45 USE OF BODY AS A WEAPONS 39 43 53 31 39 56 25 REPEATED PERPETRATOR 61 58 51 59 63 62 71 OVER-ALL PROPORTION OF PROGRAMS WITH VIOLENT CONTENT 61 67 37 75 89 53 39 Therefore, in view of the foregoing study conducted b

Failure of the project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Failure of the project - Essay Example Without the help of each group in the company any effort geared to boost the performance of a firm is set to fail. Laying off the experienced staff members and replacing them with temps. This is one of the worst decisions that the company made. Though the company will eventually lay off its entire experienced staff member due to mechanization, the company should have done this gradually in order for the staff to be familiar with the new system. Replacing experienced staff with temps became detrimental as these do not have knowledge on the operations and were probably not given training. Extremely low bids for projects. The company felt very secure in their new technology that even though their decisions would eventually led to the accumulation of huge losses, they still push through because they are desperate for new clients and deals and at the same time hoping that that these losses will be recovered by the new system. Company's reluctance to hear about problems regarding SAP. As the management became confident that SAP will be the cure of their present problems, they were not able to come up with contingency plans to answer what if situations. This implies that the management was not able to know the possible pitfalls in the system which needed to be addressed. Overlooked customer. ... As the customers were not served properly with the new system, its performance and overall image in the community suffered. Aside from these managerial decision pitfalls, the company's external environment also contributed to its demise. The bankruptcy of its largest customer Phar Mor, Inc. also became a significant factor. 2. Who was responsible' For example, what role did FoxMeyer's information technology group play in the failure' As described above, the management team of FoxMeyer largely contributed to the fall of the company due to the decision it implemented. The information technology group can also be responsible as it appears that it had not thoroughly determined the feasibility of using SAP in the company. Also, as problems were not identified in the new system, possible solutions were not laid out in response to problems encountered in the implementation. It is also worth mentioning that the company became nearsighted and was not able to apply the new technology at the right time. The case exemplified that the whole company is not yet ready and was not made ready by the management in adopting a more advanced technology to aid it in its operation.

Commercial and financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Commercial and financial management - Essay Example Financial accounting focuses on providing information for people outside the firm like creditors and outside investors. Management accounting on the other hand focuses on giving internal decision makers information which aids them in making financial and operational strategies (Horngren, et al. 2002). Accounting and business finance are closely interrelated. The business arena often refers to accounting as "the language of business" implying that a better understanding of the accounting language will aid making better financial decisions (Horngren et al. 2002). Thus, in general, accounting is a prerequisite in understanding the important concepts used in financial accounting. Basic knowledge in accounting is imperative in understanding finance. As stated earlier, concepts which are commonly used in accounting appears in financial management. For instance, a company which needs to determine the profitability of an investment needs to be acquainted with the effects of different transactions on the income statement of the business organization. ... Thus, decision makers need to be adept in speaking the language of business in order to be able to come up with financially efficient business decisions geared to help in attaining the financial goals of a firm. In the early part of this paper, the classification of accounting according to users has been discussed. It should be noted that these two different fields of accounting has different relationships with business finance. Financial accounting which is more concerned with the reporting of historical financial information becomes a reflection of the how the financial aspect of business is managed, while managerial accounting is almost identical in function with business finance as it directed toward the future of the firm (Finance 2006). The company's financial statements are the product of financial accounting. These documents clearly show how the business organization is performing in terms of income, capital structure, asset growth and other numerical information (Horngren et al. 2002). It should be noted that the company's financial performance is a direct result of how business finance is conducted by decision makers. The profit or loss in the financial statement, the growth in total assets, and how they resources are financed becomes an indication of how well a business organization is attaining its financial goals. Financial accounting is a yardstick revealing how business finance is achieving its goal of maximizing shareholder value. With this, financial accounting is very important in ascertaining the efficiency of financial decisions in a company. Business finance can be further modified or improved by looking at a firm's various financial statements. Management accounting takes a step further by having a